[47], The establishment of Constantinople was one of Constantine's most lasting accomplishments, shifting Roman power eastward as the city became a center of Greek culture and Christianity. [16], Istanbul experienced especially rapid growth during the second half of the 20th century, with its population increasing tenfold between 1950 and 2000. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. [276][277], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. Of those 14 are state-owned, 44 are "foundation-owned" private universities and 3 are foundation-owned vocational universities of higher education. [15] Several picturesque islandsBykada, Heybeliada, Burgazada, Knalada, and five smaller islandsare part of the city. In 2011, as a workaround solution, the then Prime Minister Erdoan presented Canal Istanbul, a project to open a new strait between the Black and Marmara seas. Historically known as Byzantium and then Constantinople, it was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The most recent of these is the 13,800-seat lker Sports Arena, which opened in 2012 as the home court of Fenerbahe's basketball teams. It is estimated that the Hippodrome of Constantine was . Overall, it's ranked as one of the top 20 biggest cities in the world. [135] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. The state-run Radio 3, although based in Ankara, also features English-language popular music, and English-language news programming is provided on NTV Radyo (102.8 FM). Instabul is also very well known for being Constantinople in the past. [174][175][176] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. Published November 30, 2020. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. [146] All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms. Despite efforts to make Ankara Turkey's cultural heart, Istanbul had the country's primary institution of art until the 1970s. The 47-hectare (120-acre) park was later owned by Khedive Ismail Pasha of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan in the 19th century. [130] Because of its historical significance, it was reopened as a museum in 1935. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. Therefore, they built walls to do so. As of 2019 Istanbul has 61 colleges and universities, with more than 1.8 million students enrolled according to official figures. Many of the city's most popular and upscale seafood restaurants line the shores of the Bosporus (particularly in neighborhoods like Ortaky, Bebek, Arnavutky, Yeniky, Beylerbeyi and engelky). [162] This growth was fueled by internal and international migration. Hippodrome of Constantinople - Wikipedia [h], The Sinan Erdem Dome, among the largest indoor arenas in Europe, hosted the final of the 2010 FIBA World Championship, the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships, as well as the 201112 Euroleague and 201617 EuroLeague Final Fours. The Grand Bazaar, in operation since 1461, is among the world's oldest and largest covered markets. [citation needed], Following the Turkish War of Independence (19191922), the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata. Snowfall is somewhat common, and often persistent and disruptive; sea-effect snowstorms with more than 30 centimetres (1ft) of snowfall happen almost annually, most recently in 2022. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis; Ottoman Turkish: ), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. 1 The Blue Mosque A magnificent historical sight also known as the Sultan Ahmet Mosque Good for: Photo History The Blue Mosque is an iconic historical landmark in Istanbul and one you shouldn't miss. [125] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. Today it is a square in Istanbul, Turkey, known as Sultanahmet Square . This sudden, sharp rise in the city's population caused a large demand for housing, and many previously outlying villages and forests became engulfed into the metropolitan area of Istanbul. Everyone Thought He Had Made the Famous Gown. It Was His Wife. ISTANBUL, TURKEY - AUGUST 06: A cat waits by food bowls on a street on August 6, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. [358][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. The current city structure can be traced back to the Tanzimat period of reform in the 19th century, before which Islamic judges and imams led the city under the auspices of the Grand Vizier. [157] Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 12th century. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. [26] It is the oldest known human settlement on the European side of the city. [115] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[116] such as the one in Tarlaba;[117] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. [135] Topkap Palace became public property following the abolition of monarchy in 1922. Istanbul is a major port and the largest city in Turkey. Istanbul: City of the future - National Geographic [153] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. Built . Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. Andrew Jones, known professionally as Berkley, visits Analogue Records next month to promote "Pueblo," an album about growing up in the Steel City. [352][353] Atatrk had also experienced rapid growth, as its 20.6 percent rise in passenger traffic between 2011 and 2012 was the highest among the world's top 30 airports. [127], Next in age is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE. [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000 vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. [180] Following Greek migration to the city for work in the 2010s, the Greek population rose to nearly 3,000 in 2019, still greatly diminished since 1919, when it stood at 350,000. Up until the year 330 Istanbul was known as Byzantium, and then until 1453 Constantinople. The other obelisk was erected on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome in the autumn of that year, and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk. [27][26][28][29] The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE,[30] On the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu), there was a Thracian settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. [56] They established the Latin Empire in place of the Orthodox Byzantine Empire. "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yeniehirliolu. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. [173] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. Which City Was Formerly Called Byzantium? - WorldAtlas Photos: This place is known as 'The City of Cats' - ABC Action News [32], The history of the city proper begins around 660 BCE,[10][33][d] when Greek settlers from Megara established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosporus. The Genoese fortifications in Galata were largely demolished in the 19th century, leaving only the Galata Tower, to make way for the northward expansion of the city. [71] Opulent houses shared the same streets and districts with tiny hovels. 1. According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[163] to 856,377 in 2019. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. By Rosalio Ahumada. [45] Two months later, he laid out the plans for a new, Christian city to replace Byzantium. It is the seat of Isparta Province and Isparta District. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [299][300] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. This rail line has 76.6km (47.6mi), and the full line opened on 12 March 2019. [150] Representing the Republican People's Party, Ekrem mamolu has been the Mayor of Istanbul since 27 June 2019. Not long after the Romans divided their vast realm into east and west, Byzantium was renamed Constantinople. The most important species belonging to maquis formation are laurel, terebinth, Cercis siliquastrum, broom, red firethorn, and oak species such as Quercus cerris and Quercus coccifera. Different names are associated with different phases of its history, with different languages, and with different portions of it. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[122][123]. [251] Since 2015, all types of parades at Taksim Square and stiklal Avenue (where, in 2013, the Gezi Park protests took place) have been denied permission by the AKP government, citing security concerns, but hundreds of people have defied the ban each year. [239][240] Other focal points for shopping, leisure and entertainment include Nianta, Ortaky, Bebek and Kadky. [254] Istanbul has seven basketball teamsAnadolu Efes, Beikta, Darafaka, Fenerbahe, Galatasaray, stanbul Bykehir Belediyespor and Bykekmecethat play in the premier-level Turkish Basketball Super League. Istanbul, historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic centre. By 1876, the first international mailing network between Istanbul and the lands beyond the Ottoman Empire had been established. [47][48] Numerous churches were built across the city, including Hagia Sophia which was built during the reign of Justinian the Great and remained the world's largest cathedral for a thousand years. "Istanbul." Modern art museums, including stanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum, National Palaces Painting Museum, stanbul Modern, the Pera Museum, Sakp Sabanc Museum, Arter and SantralIstanbul, opened in the 2000s to complement the exhibition spaces and auction houses that have already contributed to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. Istanbul is known as the City of Cats and sometimes referred to as 'Catstanbul.' [281] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. More than 2,000 years ago, the city of Kelenderis . After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. 12 Best Things to Do in Istanbul - Hotels.com Istanbul, Turkey is known as the City of Cats and sometimes referred to as 'Catstanbul.' . Everyone Thought He Had Made the Famous Gown. [134] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. Beikta JK, established in 1903, is considered the oldest of these sports clubs. [148][149], District councils are chiefly responsible for waste management and construction projects within their respective districts. p. 236. [200], Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus strait, houses international ports that link Europe and Asia. In Istanbul, Tombs of Religious Figures Still Draw Pilgrims - The New [227] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [283] Today, TRT runs four national radio stations; these stations have transmitters across the country so each can reach over 90 percent of the country's population, but only Radio 2 is based in Istanbul. The most notable names besides the modern Turkish name are Byzantium, Constantinople, and Stamboul. The reasons probably relate to World War I. [226], By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. Istanbul, Turkey - Image of the Week - Earth Watching 20 min read. [284], TRT-Children is the only TRT television station based in Istanbul. [149][152] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. The first government defeat in Istanbul occurred in the 2017 constitutional referendum, where Istanbul voted 'No' by 51.4% to 48.6%. "When . Passing to the Persian Achaemenian dynasty in 512 bc and then to Alexander the Great, it became a free city under the Romans in the 1st century ad. The city is the world's only metropolis to be on more than one continent . Istanbul's main bus station is the largest in Europe, with a daily capacity of 15,000 buses and 600,000 passengers, serving destinations as distant as Frankfurt.[345][346]. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [58] Constantinople's churches, defenses, and basic services were in disrepair,[59] and its population had dwindled to a hundred thousand from half a million during the 8th century. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. The total length of Istanbul Province's toll motorways network (otoyollar) is 543km (337mi) (2021) and the state highways network (devlet yollari) is 353km (219mi) (2021), totaling 896km (557mi) of expressway roads (minimum 2x2 lanes), excluding secondary roads and urban streets. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. [195] For Ekrem mamolu, winning the mayoralty of Istanbul was a huge moral victory, but for Erdoan it had practical ramifications: His party, AKP, lost control of the $4.8billion municipal budget, which had sustained patronage at the point of delivery of many public services for 25 years. [290], Istanbul's first water supply systems date back to the city's early history, when aqueducts (such as the Valens Aqueduct) deposited the water in the city's numerous cisterns. [105] Xeriscaping of green spaces has been suggested,[106] and Istanbul has a climate-change action plan. [114] At present, some gecekondu areas are being gradually demolished and replaced by modern mass-housing compounds. One of the most important factors of a city in history was to protect the territory and its citizens from sieges. It never returned to being the world's largest, but remained the largest city in Europe from 1500 to 1750, when it was surpassed by London. [367][clarification needed], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. 12: Fatih: This district includes the old city Sultanahmet neighbourhood that is Turkey's top sightseeing attraction because of its historical status as the ruling capital for both the ottoman and Byzantine empires. [44], Constantine the Great effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire in September 324. [168], 2019 survey study by KONDA that examined the religiosity of the voting-age adults in Istanbul showed that 57% of the surveyed had a religion and were trying to practise its requirements. [166] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. [354], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. Overlay image (Before and After) Today we feature the city of Istanbul, located in north-west Turkey. [133] Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans made an indelible impression on the skyline of Istanbul, building towering mosques and ornate palaces. One-fifth of all district council members, including the district mayors, also represent their districts in the Municipal Council. The city already had many names before being called Constantinople. [335] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. [337][non-primary source needed], International rail service from Istanbul launched in 1889, with a line between Bucharest and Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, which ultimately became famous as the eastern terminus of the Orient Express from Paris. [230] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. [229], The first film screening in Turkey was at Yldz Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. [72] The population of Constantinople was 570,000 by the end of the 18th century. Isparta is a city in western Turkey. The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four of the first seven ecumenical councils before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. [147] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. The Caalolu street on which the newspaper was printed, Bb- li Street, rapidly became the center of Turkish print media, alongside Beyolu across the Golden Horn. [206][207] As of 2023, the five tallest skyscrapers in Istanbul and Turkey are the 352m (1,154ft 10in) tall Turkish Central Bank Tower[208][209][210][211][212][213] in the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city; Metropol Istanbul Tower A (70 floors / 301 metres including its twin spires)[214][215][216][217] also in the Ataehir district; Skyland Istanbul Towers 1 and 2 (2 x 284 metres)[218][219] located adjacent to Nef Stadium in the Huzur neighbourhood of the Saryer district, on the European side; and Istanbul Sapphire (54 floors / 238 metres; 261 metres including its spire)[220] in Levent, on the European side of the city. [203], Istanbul has been an international banking hub since the 1980s,[15] and is home to the only active stock exchange in Turkey, Borsa Istanbul, which was originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange in 1866. All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Istanbul Atatrk Airport for scheduled passenger flights. Its history goes back millenia. [23] In modern Turkish, the name is written as stanbul, with a dotted , as the Turkish alphabet distinguishes between a dotted and dotless I. The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987. The Fourth Crusade was diverted from its purpose in 1204, and the city was sacked and pillaged by the crusaders. [168][178], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. Byzantium served as the capital city of the Byzantine Empire and Roman Empire before becoming part of the Ottoman Empire from 1453 to 1923. Istanbul had three large international airports, two of which currently serve commercial passenger flights. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. [172] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. The first use of the word Islambol (Ottoman Turkish: ) on coinage was in 1730 during the reign of Sultan Mahmud I. [285] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. [84] On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey declared the establishment of the Turkish Republic, with Ankara as its capital. [111][112], The Atatrk Airport corridor is another such edge city-style business, residential and shopping corridor with over 900,000m2 (9,700,000sqft) of class-A office space. ", "stanbul'un en iyi liseleri akland! It has an area of 8,993 km 2 and a population of 448,298 up from 434,771 (1990). The emperor Constantine I made the city the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330, later naming it Constantinople. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. History of Istanbul - From ancient Constantinople to Istanbul [130] The Hagia Sophia stood as the world's largest cathedral in the world until it was converted into a mosque in the 15th century. [286] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. Trk Telekom Arena opened in 2011 to replace Ali Sami Yen Stadium as Galatasaray's home turf,[259][260] while Vodafone Park, opened in 2016 to replace BJK nn Stadium as the home turf of Beikta, hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup game. The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[124] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. The most notable names besides the modern Turkish name are Byzantium, Constantinople, and Stamboul. UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. [347] The IATA airport code IST was also transferred to the new airport. Once inside, you'll discover where the mosque gotten its name - from the thousands of blue handcrafted znik tiles that adorn the interior walls. Its current name of Istanbul only . Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyolu, Beikta, ili and Kadky districts. [224] The new national government established programs that served to orient Turks toward musical traditions, especially those originating in Europe, but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital.
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