Here are 12 foods that may help reduce your risk of breast cancer as well as a few to avoid. 2017;9(7):9(7). Cancer Res. Hu XJ, et al. Privacy Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Early Breast Cancer - MDPI In particular, BC is more strongly associated with obesity than other cancers [113, 114]. Specific eligible criteria were formulated as follows: inclusion criteria: (1) all included studies are cohort and case-control studies limited to clinical studies only. The larger observational population increases the reliability and authenticity of this studys conclusions. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103132. A meta-analysis of comparison of proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction and total gastrectomy for proximal early gastric cancer. The keywords we used for searching were breast cancer and dairy. Cancer Causes Control. Goodwin PJ, Stambolic V. Impact of the obesity epidemic on cancer. Last week, the International Journal of Epidemiology published a study that concluded that drinking dairy milk is associated with a greater risk for breast cancer. A nested case-control study of female breast cancer in Karunagappally cohort in Kerala. 2013;65(8):116470. Dairy Products and Breast Cancer Risk: What to Know - Healthline Breast Cancer epidemiology, Prevention, and screening. A total of 349 of the women experienced a recurrence and 372 died during follow-up; 189 died from breast cancer. These undetected cancer cells multiply, becoming recurrent breast cancer. Youn HJ, Han W. A review of the epidemiology of breast Cancer in Asia: focus on Risk factors. Ronco AL, De Stefani E, Dattoli R. Dairy foods and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Montevideo. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492. Declining incidence of breast cancer after decreased use of hormone-replacement therapy: magnitude and time lags in different countries. To provide preventive strategies for BC-related dietary choices more scientifically, statistical analysis of the available research data is now urgently required to provide reliable evidence for the association between intake of dairy products and BC risk. Kesse-Guyot E, Bertrais S, Duperray B, Arnault N, Bar-Hen A, Galan P, et al. 2011;47(13):192837. Diabetologia. Twenty-five (726,673 participants) studies recorded data about BC risk of total dairy products on female population, with 30,334 participants newly diagnosed with BC over the follow-up time. Accordingly, we speculate that dairy products may have a protective effect on female populations through many of the above pathways to reduce the risk rate of BC. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051613-012328. Meanwhile, BC is also the most common cause of death in women [6,7,8]. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.21176. After meta-analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed in the effect of high-fat dairy products on all populations (HR=1.06, 95%CI=1.001.13, p=0.066). Faber MT, Jensen A, Sgaard M, Hgdall E, Hgdall C, Blaakr J, et al. 2020;19:1534735420949678. PubMed They also have a 17% lower risk of dying from the disease. Nutrition and primary prevention of breast cancer: foods, nutrients and breast cancer risk. There is no known link between breast cancer and eating tofu, miso, edamame, soy milk, soy sauce, or any other soy food. There was also inadequacy in the meta-analysis of Dong JY et al. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Review of previous studies, Zang J et al. Hanf V, Gonder U. Newmark HL. This meta-analysis was conducted according to the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines [53]. Fermented dairy products can reduce BC risk in postmenopausal population but have no protective effect on premenopausal population. 2000;20(5B):3591601. Dietary fibre intake and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. However, the effect of dietary factors on BC recurrence and mortality is not clearly understood. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.003. Nutrition and Breast Cancer: A Literature Review on Prevention - MDPI PubMed Central Study Suggests Full-Fat Dairy Products May Be Linked to Worse Survival Introduction. Biol Res. Oncotarget. Food sources of fat and sex hormone receptor status of invasive breast tumors in women of the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. Dietary fat without body weight gain increases in vivo MCF-7 human breast cancer cell growth and decreases natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Lamas B, Nachat-Kappes R, Goncalves-Mendes N, Mishellany F, Rossary A, Vasson MP, et al. First, this study included many observational studies with more than one million participants in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.4.2035. Mourouti N, Kontogianni MD, Papavagelis C, Panagiotakos DB. Turati, F., et al., Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer Risk. Nutr Rev. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. Methods: The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were Black). Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. 2021;71(3):20949. Br J Nutr. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks PubMedGoogle Scholar. Third, the study grouped the abstracted data (by BC type, menopausal status, or type of dairy products) and did subgroup analyses to comprehensively screen the possibility of effects of different dairy products on different populations and different BC types. "Breast cancer can return to the same area (or close to) where it first appeared," Lange says. Biosci Rep. 2020;40(12). It has anticancer effect in animal experiments and is an effective anticancer drug with cytotoxic effects on BC cells [82, 101], potentially by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase-2 or lipoxygenase pathways or by inducing the expression of apoptotic genes [80, 102]. Alcohol consumption by beverage type and Risk of breast Cancer: a dose-response Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Many studies have indicated that dairy products may also impact health problems such as obesity [47], diabetes [48, 49], cancer [50], and coronary heart disease [51, 52], but whether dairy products play a protective or harmful role against BC occurrence in female population is still controversial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.005. 2007;18(7):77582. Dairy products, calcium and the risk of breast cancer: results of the French SU.VI.MAX prospective study. JAMA. Diabetes and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of one million U.S. adults. Dandamudi A, et al. Combination of dietary factors in relation to breast-cancer occurrence. https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.000422. Breast cancer and soy: How it affects cancer risk - Medical News Today 2012;66(1):17. Krusinska B, et al. Thirteen studies (594,111 participants) explored the effect of non-fermented dairy products on BC risk in female populations, six of which included detailed data on different menopausal conditions. Vitamin D, calcium and prevention of breast cancer: a review. For ER+/PR+ BC, there is a trend of protection, but it has not reached statistical significance (HR=0.92, p=0.075). It includes Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2-enriched, and triple-negative subtypes based on the expression of estrogen, progesterone and Her2 receptors, and Ki67 protein ( 1 ). (3) All studies included available data about hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). https://doi.org/10.1038/4441022a. 2020;11(1):3193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16890-6. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. All authors helped to perform the research. A case control study of Iranian women. The identification of isoflavones as possible chemopreventive agents helped fuel this line of investigation. 1995;63(6):7859. Diabetes mellitus and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nagini S. Breast Cancer: current molecular therapeutic targets and new players. 2017;17(2):15263. Green tea consumption and risk of breast cancer and recurrence: . 2014;25(2):26771. Figure1 shows the flow diagram about the selection of articles. 2015;66(1):28196. Non-fermented dairy products have no significant effect on BC occurrence (p>0.05). Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. 2005;123(2):13949. Adv Clin Exp Med. Total dairy products have a protective effect on female population (hazard ratio (HR) =0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.910.99, p=0.019), especially for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) (HR=0.79, p=0.002) and progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) BC (HR=0.75, p=0.027). Breast Cancer Recurrence | Johns Hopkins Medicine Common adjustment parameters in the included studies included age, BMI, family history of BC, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), reproductive factors, total energy intake, smoking, and alcohol drinking. [41] found inconsistent correlations between BC risk and dairy products, whereas McCullough ML et al. Curcumin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. J Dairy Res. In addition to this, studies have demonstrated that the association between dairy intake and BC risk is stronger in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women [43, 79, 130], possibly caused by more robust interactions between calcium, vitamin D, and IGF-1 than in postmenopause [130,131,132]. 1. Farvid MS, Eliassen AH, Cho E, Chen WY, Willett WC. Because of their complex composition, no clear mechanism of action has been proposed to explain the contribution of dairy products to BC incidence [17]. 2015;66(1):142. Van't Veer P, et al. Le MG, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. whole grains, such as brown rice, quinoa, and oats. Plant . The American Cancer Society recommends at least 2.5 cups of vegetables and 2 cups of fruit every day. Numerous studies regarding the impact of dairy products on BC risk rates remain inconsistent [38,39,40]. 2019;19(1):117. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.633. J Breast Cancer. The meta-analysis comprised 36 articles with 1,019,232 participants. Can diet and lifestyle reduce the risk of recurrence? Similarly, non-fermented dairy products that lack probiotics cannot balance the intestinal microbial community and may not affect BC occurrence. 2016;36(7):62735. [87] also conducted a meta-analysis of the relationship between BC and dairy products, but their study did not conduct multifactorial subgroup analysis. Int J Biol Sci. Int J Cancer. Pre- and post-diagnostic intake of whole grain and dairy products and breast cancer prognosis: the Danish Diet, Cancer and health cohort. However, maintaining a healthy weight after treatment can reduce the risk of breast cancer coming back. Ben Q, Xu M, Ning X, Liu J, Hong S, Huang W, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. However, there was a harm trend, indicating that high-fat dairy product consumption tends to increase BC risk in female populations, with moderate heterogeneity (I2=63.7%). 2007;51(2):13945. Kato I, Miura S, Kasumi F, Iwase T, Tashiro H, Fujita Y, et al. 2016;17(4):203540. In order to ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the entered data, two investigators independently extracted data from each study. Use of dairy products, lactose, and calcium and risk of ovarian cancer - results from a Danish case-control study. Park SY, Kolonel LN, Lim U, White KK, Henderson BE, Wilkens LR. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442230. 2016;15(1):91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0210-9. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022506507984. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.22074. Risk factors and preventions of breast Cancer. Consumption of meat, animal products, protein, and fat and risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study in New York. The reference lists of retrieved studies and recent reviews have also been reviewed to examine potential inclusive studies. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.094. Breast cancer animal models and applications. PubMed 22(3): p. 476482, dois: https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.149. High-fat dairy products are harmful to women, without statistical difference (HR=1.06, 95%CI=1.001.13, p=0.066). Low-fat dairy products were defined as those with a fat content of 1.01.5% per 100g food and nonfat dairy products with a fat content of less than 0.5% per 100g food. Is dairy (milk) linked to a higher risk of breast cancer? CA Cancer J Clin. Integr Cancer Ther. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.2.114. Higgins JP, et al. In total, 12 studies investigated the relationship between high-fat dairy products and BC. Diet, lifestyle and breast cancer recurrence https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.12586. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.30. Dairy Products and Breast Cancer Risk - Susan G. Komen 1991;51(22):611824. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. Oncol Lett. Hjartaker A, et al. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008. This may explain why low-fat dairy products appear to have a risk-lowering impact in the premenopausal population but have no apparent effect in the postmenopausal population. Intake of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer. The primary objective was the risk of BC and intake of dairy products were exposure variables. Whereas low-fat dairy products differ from high-fat dairy products in the amount of fatty acids obtained by refining full-fat dairy products to extract most saturated fatty acids while preserving unsaturated fatty acids [87]. Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. 2011;127(1):2331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9615-5. Impact of cows' milk estrogen on cancer risk - ScienceDirect Franceschi S, et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12083. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 1986;77(3):6336. Studies have shown that the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, present in yogurt, modulates immune responses against BC in mouse models [107]. on BC risk rates and the effect of the same type of dairy products on risk rates of various BC subtypes (estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), etc.) Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between intake of dairy products and BC risk through meta-analysis. In fact, researchers have found that consuming soy foods . Following the Cochrane Manual and study characteristics, I2 values between 0 and 30% indicated mild or insignificant heterogeneity, those between 30 and 70% indicated moderate heterogeneity, while those between 70 and 100% indicated high or significant heterogeneity [54]. 2014;7(6):281824. 2006;89(2):4029. Cancer Causes Control. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.095. Six studies compared the risk rates between premenopausal and postmenopausal populations. Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage. https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2015.18.4.313. The analysis demonstrated that fermented dairy products were not statistically significantly protective for women (HR=0.98, 95%CI=0.951.02), nor for ER+/PR+ BC (HR=1.01, 95%CI=0.971.05) or ER/PR- BC (HR=1.03, 95%CI=0.921.15). During an average follow-up period of 11.2 years, 524 patients had a recurrence of breast cancer and 834 people died, 369 of them from breast cancer. Wirfalt E, et al. Toniolo P, et al. The cells lining the milk ducts turn malignant (cancerous) but stay in place (in situ). A search of relevant studies investigating the relationship between dairy products and BC published before January 2021 was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. 1999;18(5 Suppl):392S7S. 2012;35(9):183544. Jacobson EA, James KA, Newmark HL, Carroll KK. Among 424,176 participants, 19,208 were newly diagnosed with BC. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Am J Clin Nutr. Despite the traditional duration of a 5-year intake, the risk of relapse remains elevated in a substantial proportion of patients. Although the initial treatment is aimed at eliminating all cancer cells, a few may have evaded treatment and survived. Kaluza J, Komatsu S, Lauriola M, Harris HR, Bergkvist L, Michalsson K, et al. It can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort if you're sensitive or intolerant. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.21.9543. Al Sarakbi W, Salhab M, Mokbel K. dairy products and breast cancer risk: a review of the literature. Iran Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. Besides that, dairy products contain complex nutritional components, and their consumption is widespread in daily life [46]. According to the meta-analysis, low-fat dairy products were found to have no noticeable effect on all populations (HR=0.98, 95%CI=0.941.03, p=0.50) and postmenopausal population (HR=1.04, 95%CI=0.991.09, p=0.15). Zeng L, Li W, Chen CS. According to data analysis, we found that total dairy products have a protective effect on female populations, which can reduce the incidence rate of BC, especially ER+ and PR+ BC. We used delayed entry Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations between categories of the cumulative average of dairy fat at baseline and at follow-up 5 to 6 years later and subsequent outcomes. CAS For ER+/PR+ BC, there is a trend of protection without reaching a statistical significance. 2013;37(3):197206. Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Dietary intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (United States). Study of immune cells involved in the antitumor effect of kefir in a murine breast cancer model. Comprehensive spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deleterious mutations in breast cancer in Asian countries. Dietary fat and breast cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition. BMJ. Gandini S, Merzenich H, Robertson C, Boyle P. Meta-analysis of studies on breast cancer risk and diet: the role of fruit and vegetable consumption and the intake of associated micronutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160511728. Nutr Res. Fruit, vegetable, and animal food intake and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status. The maximum scores of this checklist were nine, and scores between six and nine were identified to higher study quality. 2010;64(7):68591. Thiebaut AC, et al. Kwong A, Shin VY, Ho JCW, Kang E, Nakamura S, Teo SH, et al. Nutrition and lifestyle habits are among the most easily modifiable aspects of peoples lives which are considered effective prevention strategies for cancer [16,17,18,19]. However, high-fat dairy products are harmful to female population, without statistically significant difference. Data supporting findings reported in this study are available in the supplementary materials. Dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Cancer Prevention study II nutrition cohort. Jones JI, Clemmons DR. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions. Although consuming fats increases BC risk [126, 127], the effect of different types of fatty acids on BC varies, with studies suggesting that saturated fatty acids are associated with increased BC risk. In addition, their study considered cheese and butter as the same exposure factor and yogurt as another exposure factor. (3) The study was not published in English. Campbell PT, et al. Sun Q, Xie W, Wang Y, Chong F, Song M, Li T, et al. 17(13), Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review, 17, 13, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134731. Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, Green J, Spencer E, Bull D, et al. The analysis showed that non-fermented dairy products did not affect all populations (HR=0.99, p=0.54), including premenopausal (HR=1.03, p=0.33) and postmenopausal population (HR=1.03, p=0.30) with low heterogeneity. Redaniel MT, Gardner MP, Martin RM, Jeffreys M. The association of vitamin D supplementation with the risk of cancer in postmenopausal women. 12 Breast Cancer-Fighting Foods (and 6 to Avoid) - Healthline 2007;167(10):10509. Laden F, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, Neas LM, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, et al. Nutr Cancer. Article Nutrients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Google Scholar. Breast, colon and pancreatic cancer rates are increasing at concerning rates among America's young adults, a new study finds. 2020;179(3):74353. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718903. Zong G, Sun Q, Yu D, Zhu J, Sun L, Ye X, et al. O'Sullivan TA, et al. Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer: a prospective study of 25,892 Norwegian women. Wu Z, Gong Y, Wang C, Lin J, Zhao J. Lu W, Chen H, Niu Y, Wu H, Xia D, Wu Y. 2013;137(1):30714. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070728. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910630104. However, since cheese and yogurt are fermented dairy products and butter is not, they did not analyze fermented dairy products as a whole and misclassified cheese and butter, implying that the result could lack reliability. PubMed Central All included studies were of higher quality based on methodology. Kritchevsky D. Antimutagenic and some other effects of conjugated linoleic acid. In an interview, the study's first author, Gary E. Fraser, Ph.D., explained, "Consuming as little as 1/4 to 1/3 cup of dairy milk per day was associated with an increased risk of breast. Re: High- and Low-Fat Dairy Intake, Recurrence, and Mortality After Dairy consumption, type 2 diabetes, and changes in cardiometabolic traits: a prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese in Beijing and Shanghai. Hadadi E, Taylor W, Li XM, Aslan Y, Villote M, Rivire J, et al. In contrast, low-fat dairy products can protect the premenopausal population and reduce the incidence rate of BC.
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