on official, secure websites. the McKinley administration. "[2], This law is one of two of the most important legislative events in US Forest Service history (the other being the Transfer Act of 1905). The Commission's report to Congress in 1880 contributed greatly to the Forest Reserve Act finally passed in 1891. The amendment allowed the President to establish forest reserves from public domain land. Secretary Garfield. His interest was an outgrowth of John p.10. conservationists: they had hoped Taft would retain Garfield, and A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891. There was both support from within Harrison's administration and from government agencies for the FRA. absolutely closed to use. The original Act contained no provision whatsoever for forest reserves. [23] The induction of increased government held land is argued to reduce such rents and diminish the incentives for westward expansion. When Pinchot became Chief of the Division, he requested that his title be changed from "Chief" to "Forester". [8] In addition, there was concern for the preservation of watersheds, protection of the forests from fires, and the desire to regulate timber sales. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 authorized withdrawing land from the public domain as "forest reserves," managed by the Department of the Interior. Lumber, Between 1850 and 1900, lumber production rose from 5.4 billion board feet to 44.5 billion board feet. Organic Act of 1897 - Wikipedia On March 30th of 1891, Harrison created the first Reserve. Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) became the first Chief Forester. The Decades-Long Political Fight to Save the Grand Canyon The purpose was to preserve a water supply, preserve the forests, and provide a supply of timber. 1897- Teton Forest Reserve is created. Subtitle C. Amendments to Other Forestry Related Laws. 2840 Kachina Drive The forest reserves, and later the national forests, were proclaimed as soon as they had been surveyed, and the President had become convinced that such action was in the public good. Louis R. Glavis, charged that Ballinger was impeding an investigation of Grover Cleveland would create two Reserves, totaling of 5 million acres. Congress establishes the first federal forest reserves on March 3, 1891 It also proved uncongenial to the Class C, or last priority is granting of permits.). PDF Chapter 4 - Establishment of Forest Reserves and Land Status Changes Congress established a Division of Forestry (later a Bureau of Forestry) in the Department of Agriculture in 1881.1 The division focused on research and the provision of information; it did not actively manage forest lands.The Forest Reserve Act (also known as the Creative Act) of 1891 allowed presidents to set aside forest reserves out of public lands by executive order. Filibert Roth became the head of the General Land Office's "Division R"-the Forestry Division on November 15, 1901 and resigned two years later, in 1903. Its features include: This last item gave two separate branches of the Department of Interior responsibility-The GLO for the sale, claims and administration of the reserves and the USGS for the drawing of boundaries and land maps. Concern about the impact of logging and clearing of land for agriculture initially emerged in the American Revolution era. The Lands Nobody Wanted: A Conservation Foundation Report. [21] In total, Roosevelt would quadruple the nation's forest reserves from 50million acres (200,000km2; 78,000sqmi) to nearly 200million acres (810,000km2; 310,000sqmi).[19]. 1881 The forest agency in the Department of Agriculture was made a Division of Forestry . History. backed Ballinger and authorized Glavis's dismissal. Judging Interior's management of these forest reservations unscientific and unproductive, Pinchot and his allies campaigned for their transfer to Agriculture. The Free Encyclopedia of Washington State History. The act provides an updated and expanded authority for research by the Forest Service, including allowing competitive grants, performing research studies, recycling wood fiber, conducting tests, and establishing a forestry student grant program for minority and female students. USFS, 1997. When it was being read aloud in the Senate, Senator Wilkinson Call of Florida interrupted the proceeding, saying "I shall not willingly vote or consent to any proposition which prevents a single acre of the public domain from being set apart and reserved for homes for the people of the United States who shall live upon and cultivate them." One of the most important pieces of legislation during Harrison's presidency was the Forest Reserve Act of 1891, which Harrison signed into law after nearly two decades of debate about public land . benefiting society. ", "Inventory of the Edward Parley Cliff Papers, 1931 1985", "Inventory of the R. Max Peterson Papers, 1970 1990", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service&oldid=1169907550, History of organizations based in the United States, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, University of California & Yale Forestry School, College of Charleston & Yale Forestry School, University of Minnesota & Yale Forestry School, Texas A&M University, West Virginia University, University of Massachusetts, University of WisconsinStevens Point and the University of Minnesota, University of Vermont, Oregon State University. Gifford Pinchot, an early advocate of scientific forestry, along with President Theodore Roosevelt and conservation organizations, led the effort to manage forest for the public good.[1][2][3]. [19], Congress made no further attempt to reverse Cleveland's actions or restrict the president from creating new reserves after Republican William McKinley took office on March 4. grazing, and power interests backed them, and in 1905 Congress enacted a interests led by Pinchot sided with Glavis and forced a congressional custody of Interior's General Land Office. Cimarronand Comanche National Grasslands Bill Kreutzer was appointed thefirst United States Forest Ranger by the Division of Forestry on what is now the Pike National Forest, then known as the Plum Creek Reserve. two decades of debate about public land policy, President Theodore Roosevelt alone later used it to increase federal land reserves, How the United States started saving national forests. The Act reversed previous policy initiatives, such as the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which did not preclude land fraud by wealthy individuals and corporations. Basically, Interior's [22] In this case, landowners could receive rent payments at a market driven price from the railroads anticipating western growth over privately held land plots. timber, water, minerals, wildlife. of these forest reservations unscientific and unproductive, Pinchot and further agriculture and industry through water resource development, the The FRA made the sale and extraction of resources found on closed land illegal. A quarter-century later the division would become the U.S. Forest Service. Dave Pease, "The First Hundred Years: From Oxen to Computers," Forest Industries, October 1990, pp. Lands thus reserved remained in the In addition, the provisions prohibited the creation or enlargement of national forests in Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming, except by act of Congress. Controversy among cattle It specified the purpose for establishing reserves as well as the administration and protection. The creation of Forest Reserves was an attempt to control the damage caused by unchecked fires, uncontrolled and wasteful timber cutting, and excessive grazing on public domain. On March 3, 1891, Congress establishes the first forest reserves, which will become a system of National Forests. Project with its Roosevelt Dam, the first major effort under the act, Culture Act granted a homesteader a patent to 160 acres of land in the Great Plains if he It was these debates that led to concern over license" of Buford v. Houtz had been "curtailed and qualified" by Subtitle B: Cultural and Heritage Cooperation Authority. November 5, 1906 San Mateo Forest Reserve, Magdalena Forest Reserve November 6, 2906 Manzano Forest Reserve . [9] Initiatives such as the Desert Land Act of 1877 were also passed, giving 640 acres of land at $1.25 per acre to anybody willing to irrigate the land within three years. nation's traditional practices of handling natural resources--land, On February 22, 1897, President Grover Cleveland established the Washington and Mount Rainier Forest Preserves, along with 11 others around the country. Benjamin Harrison helped give America its greatest national parks Forest Reserve Act - Theodore Roosevelt and the National Parks This first chosen area of forest is known as Yellowstone Park Timberland Reserve. It was as an important step toward protecting the public timber lands from waste and destruction. wrath" over the setting aside of these "midnight reserves" --a stroke conference committee. 1905 The Transfer Act of 1905 transfers the management of forest reserves from the General Land Office (within the Department of the Interior) to the Bureau of Forestry (within the Department of Agriculture). Though Marshs work inspired efforts to preserve what remained of American public lands and to protect eastern forests from further destruction, it would be a dozen years before those first steps were taken. During his term in office, Harrison would designate over 15 forests. When the popular Pinchot had to resign as Forest Service chief History | Garfield, for example, withdrew from other disposition most of the good industrial development. Virtual Exhibit | Case Number One | Forest Reserves Case Number One was the name given to an 1899 timber sale on U.S. Government land in the Black Hills Forest Reserve in South Dakota. Management of the lands was handled by Deputy U.S. Forest Reserve Act 1891 by LJ Harrie - Prezi 258 (D. Alaska 1975), www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0055/12012146.pdf, "16 U.S. Code 473 - Revocation, modification, or vacation of orders or proclamations establishing national forests,", "Forest Management: A Historical Perspectives,", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organic_Act_of_1897&oldid=1161012802. GA review (see here for what the criteria are, and here for what they are not); It is reasonably well written. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Interior became less and less a grab-bag of [11] Despite these transactions, the federal government had secured some large-scale land reserves prior to the General Revision Act's passage. In 1881 the Department expanded the office into the Division of Forestry. The Republican-controlled Congress attempted to invalidate Cleveland's actions by passing an amendment to the Sundry Civil Appropriations Act, a critical funding bill, forcing the Democratic president to choose "between funding the federal government or preserving his forest reserves". Forest Reserve Act, but it is doubtful that any member of Congress in 1891 foresaw that the experiment would evolve into the extensive system of national forests that we have in the United States today. The General Revision Act (sometimes Land Revision Act) of 1891, also known as the Forest Reserve Act of 1891, was a federal law signed in 1891 by President Benjamin Harrison. purposeful resource management. mission was to dispose of them to private enterprise, individual and A number of federal statutes govern the United States Forest Service: The following are additional laws with significant influence on the mission of the Forest Service: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. (1909-11). Roosevelt used the FRA to create 141 million acres of Forest Reserve land. The first step came with the Forest Reserve Act of 1891. Mt. 1103) was passed. Pinchot was put in charge of the forest reserves to manage them "for the greatest good of the greatest number in the long run". A comprehensive report on the fifty national forests east of the Rocky Mountains.
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