This business is working in the following industry: Hospitals. E. R. Thieler, E. A. Himmelstoss, J. L. Zichichi, and A. Ergul, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.0an ArcGIS Extension for Calculating Shoreline Change, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2009. S. Drejza, S. Friesinger, and P. Bernatchez, Vulnerability of road infrastructure in Eastern Quebec to Coastal Erosion and Flooding in a Changing Context climate, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada, 2014. 570577, 2018. modifier. 80748079, 2003. West Region (Cameroon) - Wikipedia Table 3 summarizes the number of households reporting climate stressors. The Littoral Region of Cameroon. Predictors of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among High-Risk Population Diagnosed under National Program Conditions in the Littoral Region, Cameroon BioMed Research International / 2021 / Article Research Article | Open Access Volume 2021 | Article ID 8817442 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8817442 Show citation These natural hazards have caused damage to houses, classrooms, farmland, and cars and the loss of household appliances; in addition, people have been injured or lost their lives [17, 18]. Predictors of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among High-Risk - Hindawi Major cities : Douala , Eda , Nkongsamba , Loum , Mbanga , Melong , Manjo , Yabassi , Ndom , Yingui , Pouma , Penja , Nyanon , Nkondjock , Ngwei , Ngamb , Bar , Ndobian , Mouanko , Bar-Bakem , Massock-Songloulou , Manoka , Ebone , Dizangu , Dibombari , Dibamba . Afficher/masquer la sous-section Subdivisions, Afficher/masquer la sous-section Population, Afficher/masquer la sous-section Culture, Afficher/masquer la sous-section Annexes, Danses des peuples du Littoral au Cameroun. All these observations are indicative of the very poor livelihood diversification of families, making them more vulnerable. Cameroon Ministry of Tourism Certain incidents such as kidnappings are mainly reported in the border area with CAR. The study adopted Klein and Nichollss method to identify and classify adaptation options [30]: managed retreat, accommodation, and protection (Table 1). Africa Travel Association. It is today the most famous monument in Douala. Quels sont les dpartements du Cameroun ? However, in the East, Adamawa and North regions, security incidents, including urban crime, kidnappings, robberies and community clashes continue to be reported. 13171324, 2004. The coaster zone, favourable to beach tourism, has picturesque bays, beautiful fine sand beaches which extend as far as your eyes can see, notably the Yoyo and Manoka beaches. Copyright 2016 - 2021 | Cameroon Tourism Information Bureau | All Rights Reserved. Authors Lessons learned from previous studies reports increased susceptibility of agriculture in the context of climate change. This work seeks to answer the following specific questions:(a)How vulnerable are local communities on Manoka Island to climatic hazards? It is warm or hot yearlong. The electricity network covers only a few localities and remains poor with an overall rate of household electrification at less than 15 per cent. 89 households were interviewed in the nine settlements of the island. La rgion compte 3 communauts urbaines, 11 communes darrondissement et 23 communes. The century church, the first Christian church of Douala, built by the English missionary, Alfred Saker. Carte de localisation de la rgion du Littoral au Cameroun. Industry: Retail sale of beverages in specialized stores. In respect to tourism, the Littoral Region has several tourist endowments. Predictors of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among High-Risk Population Chef-lieu : Douala. Cameroon Embassy - Brazil (this was the National office for negotiating and selling basic products at the best price). Temperature data deviation from the mean in Manoka over the past decades. E. A. Himmelstoss, J. L. Zichichi, E. R. Thieler, and A. Ergul, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) Version 4.3 an ArcGIS Extension for Calculating Shoreline Change, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA, 2009. This lake of international recognition is rich in Manatees (Marine mammals) and other species of fish. Littoral Region - Cameroon Tourism Information The West Region (French: Rgion de l'Ouest) is 14,000 km 2 of territory located in the central-western portion of the Republic of Cameroon. However, in the Far North, the North-West, the East and Adamawa regions the road network is severely degraded, especially in the rainy season. In the North-West and South-West regions, on-going violence and regular lockdowns have had a major impact on the local economies. Le Cameroun compte prs de 121 668 km de routes principales dont Carte linguistique du Cameroun. In coastal areas in particular, previous studies identified some potential biogeophysical hazards to which coastal areas are exposed, including floods, strong winds, coastal erosion, increased salinity of estuaries, alteration of the quality of water available in aquifers, and the disappearance of certain wet zones and low-lying coastal fringes [4]. Communes Bar Bonala Dibombari Ebone Loum Douala - Wikipedia Some of the events such as coastal erosion, strong waves, and coastal storm surges were reported as being quite frequent, mostly occurring during periods of transition between the dry and the wet seasons. P. Mbevo Fendoung, Vulnrabilit et adaptation des populations de cap Cameroun aux risques naturels, Construire la ville portuaire de demain en Afrique Atlantique, EMS, Havre, France, 2019. Population refers to the city proper, not metropolitan areas. B. Locatelli, H. Herawati, M. Brockhaus, M. Idinoba, and M. Kanninen, Methods and Tools for Assessing the Vulnerability of Forests and People to Climate Change, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, 2008. The Littoral region is one of the ten regions of Cameroon, located in the south-west of the country. As per the World Bank, the penetration rate is stagnating since 2016. Rain storms, changes in season, floods, sea level rise, and coastal erosion are the five most frequent stressors perceived by local people. Readers can access the data supporting the conclusions of this study upon request to the corresponding author. The Douala Eda Wildlife Reserve is in the region. Restoration of mangroves has not yet been prioritized here as an adaptation strategy by communities. The island is situated about 50km from the mainland area near Douala city. Hydrologic, climatic, and meteorological factors related to coastal islands are thus impacting Manoka. En bordure de la rgion voisine se trouvent le volcan teint Manengouba et le mont Kupe, hauts de 2411 mtres, qui forment les limites orientales des monts Bakossi qui forment ensemble un hotspot de biodiversit. Our research concludes that households on Manoka Island are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. 14, pp. It has a variety of animal species such as elephants, antelopes, phacocheres, pythons, crocodiles, iguanes, and endemic species such as Manatees. They were standardized and used to describe the climate profile of Manoka Island. 24, pp. Traditional drying techniques are not sustainable and rely heavily on mangrove wood. Gender relations and the perception that women and men have of their role and that of the opposite sex anchor, justify and maintain unequal practices within households and society. This represents the total distance between the older and younger shorelines [33]. 12, pp. An erosion model shows that, between 1975 and 2017, average setbacks of the coastline of more than 3m/year, with varied erosion levels depending on the period and location, were recorded. Hence, all of the country's ten provinces are now known as regions. The Mosque at the Central Market. It served as the background where some scenes of the Greystoke, the legend of Tarzan film, interpreted by Christopher Lambert was shot. It covers a surface area of 20248 km2 and has a population of 2865795 inhabitants (2010 estimates). [1] The capital of the department lies at Nkongsamba . PDF Land-cover change threatens tropical forests and - PRECASEM The region is found very close to the sea, on the left shore of the River Wouri. The levels of vulnerability were rated on a scale of five (very high erosion, high erosion, low erosion, low accretion, and very strong accretion). Framework for assessing adaptation strategies and options [. 9, p. 3, 2009. It is associated with the dates of only two shorelines. How vulnerable are local communities on Manoka Island to climatic hazards? The retreat of the coastline is estimated at 2.4m/year to both the east and west of Dahomey and 7m/year in Dahomey. Its name is due to the region being largely littoral, and associated with the sea coast. Along the southwest coast of Cameroon, mudslides, high tides, storm surges, saltwater intrusions, flash floods, rainstorms, landslides and lava flows resulting from an eruption, wind storms, and strong erosion were reported as the main natural hazards [17, 18]. Cameroon has nearly 78,000 km of main roads, including 5,133 km of asphalted roads. Copyright @ 2021 | All Rights Reserved | Cameroon Adventures And Tours, Ecotourism and Pygmy life in and around the Lobeke National Park, Culture and Landscape observations in the Grassfield of Cameroon, Ecotourism and Pygmy life in and around the Nki National Park, History of slave trade and ecotourism in Bimbia, Culture and traditions of the Bamileke and Bamoun peoples of Cameroon, Ecotourism, Peoples and Oceanic Pleasures in Forested Cameroon, Sustainable tourism within the Dja Fauna Reserve, Landscape observations and wildlife safari in and around the Waza National Park, Koma People and Wildlife Safari in the Bouba Djidda and Dzanga Sangha National Parks, Nature and wildlife safari in Cameroon and Chad, Wildlife Safari in WAZA (Cameroon) and Cultural Tourism in Libreville (Gabon), Business tourism and Urban Adventures in Central Africa, Wildlife Safari in the Lobeke (Cameroon) and Dzanga Sangha (CAR) National Parks, Ecotourism and Urban Ventures in Libreville (Gabon) and Douala (Cameroon). The HADS score was used to assess levels of anxiety and depression. It harbors many referral diagnostic and treatment institutions that pull many . The reported high dependence of households on fishing for income, their overall low livelihood diversification, and their poor access to climate information reported by 65% of respondents portray their poor adaptive capacity. La Rpublique du Cameroun est subdivise en dix r Carte du Kamerun de 1905, publie par Meyers Geographischer Hand-Atlas (Bibliographisches Institu Ces cartes muettes du Cameroun reprsentent la cartographie du pays, mais sans aucun tiquetage. Les armoiries du Cameroun se composent d'un cu avec une bannire au-dessus et en dessous. We followed a community-based vulnerability assessment approach [35], which assesses community vulnerability and its variables based on community perceptions. In coastal areas, exploring adaptation options requires an assessment and understanding of existing vulnerabilities. Sector: Food Bottled water and beverages. The Pagode or the Palace of King Manga Bell at Bonanjo, built in 1905 by King Auguste Manga Ndoumbe, in the Nippon style. It is also the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Region. Source: Douala Meteorological Station. On recense au Cameroun 309 langues, dont le ngumba, le gbaya Carte hydrologique des stations exploites en 1973 : Rpublique unie du Cameroun / ORSTOM. Carte de la rgion du Sud-Ouest, l'une des dix rgions du Cameroun, situe au Carte de classification climatique de KppenGeiger pour le Cameroun. Carte de la rgion du Littoral, lune des dix rgions du Cameroun, situe dans le sud-ouest du pays. This limit is exceeded throughout the year in Littoral. Together with the Yoyo beaches, they constitute the natural resources which Cameroon seeks to conserve. S. Fahad and W. Jing, Evaluation of Pakistani farmers willingness to pay for crop insurance using contingent valuation method: the case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Land Use Policy, vol. Cameroon is exposed to climatic hazards (low or high rainfall depending on the season and the regions), leading to drought, floods, and landslides. Rgion Littoral Localisation : Country Cameroon, Region Littoral. Average annual values deviation from the mean was between 1.9 and +1.8mm for rainfall and between 1.2 and+3.12 for temperature. We carried out a cross-sectional study in a secondary hospital in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. 3241, 2012. The local timezone is named Africa / Douala with an UTC offset of one hour. Cet article est une bauche concernant le Cameroun. selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Le drapeau du Cameroun est constitu de trois bandes verticales gales de couleur verte (ct mt) Carte politique du Cameroun, pays politiquement divis en dix rgions elles-mmes divises Carte de la rgion du Sud-Ouest, Cameroun, Carte de la rgion du Nord-Ouest, Cameroun, Cartes : tats fdrs de Micronsie - Fribourg, Cartes : Gironde - Gouvernorat de l'Ariana, Cartes : Gouvernorat de La Manouba - Gouvernorat de Tunis, Cartes : Gouvernorat de Zaghouan - Guelmim-Oued Noun, Cartes : Pkin - Province de Flandre-Orientale, Cartes : Province de Hainaut - Puy-de-Dme, Cartes : Pyrnes-Atlantiques - Rpublique Centrafricaine, Cartes : Rpublique dmocratique du Congo - Saint-Barthlemy, Cartes : Saint-Christophe-et-Nivs - Sane-et-Loire, Cartes : Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador - Tindouf, Carte de la rgion de lExtrme-Nord, Cameroun. The inequality index reveals significant disparities in the three key dimensions of human development: (1) reproductive health, (2) education and (3) access to employment. The erosion profile of the area around Manoka Island recorded regression and accretions based on the net shoreline movement (NSM) in meters (Figures 6 and 7). Its capital is Douala. The study used existing vulnerability frameworks, combined with focus group discussions and surveys with 89 households in nine settlements. In terms of the wider Lake Chad Basin region, 2020 has recorded the highest monthly numbers of security incidents attributed to NSAGs since 2018. The treatment is done for three time scales: 19731986, 19862000, and 20002017. 10371051, 2018. There are around 60,000 inhabitants. Depuis un dcret prsidentiel de 2008, l'ancienne appellation province a t remplace par celle de rgion. Son chef-lieu est Douala. 277282, 1994. Anonymous Flyer at Douala International Airport , Cameroon. To the north of Manoka Island, on the point facing the ocean, erosion has been observed. 72, pp. Destination Guide: Bonabri (Littoral Region) in Cameroon - Tripmondo Economic activities in the East, Adamawa, and North regions focus on trade, livestock, mining, agriculture, handicrafts, and forestry. Studies have reported the various modifications of the coastline linked to the aggregate effect of climate change and extreme events [38]. C. Tatuebu Tagne, Cartographie de Loccupation/Utilisation Des Sols en vue de Rduire Lempreinte Carbone du Combustible nergie sur lle de Manoka (Cameroun), CIFOR, Yaound, Cameroon, 2020. Cameroon continues to be affected by three, concurrent, complex humanitarian situations: displacement caused by continuous violence in the Lake Chad Basin and in the North-West and South-West regions and the presence of over 280,000 refugees from the Central African Republic (CAR) in the eastern regions (East, Adamawa and North). Mangrove restoration in particular will be an important opportunity to synergize mitigation and adaptation in this fragile ecosystem. Such overexploitation of mangroves and forests leads to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the loss of biodiversity of this landscape where many ecotones are founded. La rserve faunique de Douala-Eda se trouve dans la rgion. Another factor of exposure is mangrove cover, which has been analyzed by other researchers for the Manoka district. We used household surveys, focus group discussions, field observation, GIS, and remote sensing to collect data on variables of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive . The endpoint rate (ERP) operator was used to calculate the rollback rate in m/year. ISAHC is a three-year project with an anticipated budget of over 588 million FCFA awarded to the Cameroon Regional Fund for Health Promotion of the Littoral Region. The respondents reported a series of extreme events that occurred on the island. Climate change has become a matter of concern in the current debates over environmental management across the world. Methods and patients2.1. Such restoration initiatives will comprise important activities that aim to combine both mitigation and climate change adaptation in this fragile ecosystem. The Marienberg Catholic Mission, with its church building built in the 19. In 2008, the President of the Republic of Cameroon, President Paul Biya signed decrees abolishing "provinces" and replacing them with "regions". The index corresponds approximately to the temperature felt. Littoral Region - Visit Cameroun Questions included in the questionnaire focused on climate change perceptions by the local population, activities and capita exposed to climate risks and response strategies pertaining to these, respondents economic activities, sensitivity of activities and capita to climate risk, and access to and use of climate information. The coastal zone is favorable to beach holidays, with its beautiful bays and white sandy beaches extending as far as the eye can see, right over to Yoyo and Manoka. This livelihood profile of the Manoka Island population is the reality of most coastal communities in Africa, as reported by previous studies [40]. 20470371, 2014. 100, no. Because of the low level of income of the population and their perceptions1 (on the island, only 10% of the population are Cameroonian), houses built with permanent materials are rare. eCollection 2021. Apart from a thriving business in tourism which benefits from a high-quality and rapidly expanding hotel industry, the major tourist attractions of Douala are its monuments, dating back to the colonial period, and its many markets. Cette section est vide, insuffisamment dtaille ou incomplte. Business and congress tourism is well developed in Douala. Each year, it receives hundreds of tourists each year who come generally for seminars and conferences. However, unlike the North-West, the South-West has maintained a certain level of economic activities. However, based on their personal experiences, respondents generally agreed that the climate is changing. The presence of the administration and of traditional authorities has been significantly affected by insecurity, especially in the North-West and South-West regions where NSAGs target State symbols and representatives. This study built on IPCC guidelines for vulnerability assessment [24]. This can be rain, snow, hail or even dew. There is a dry season from December to May (which encourages tourism) and a rainy season from June to November. A similar situation was reported by Munji et al. They include constructing buildings on stilts and using car wheels to counter the advancement of seawater inland. The number of hours of sunshine refers to the time when the sun is actually visible. Table 2 shows the characteristics of the images used for this mapping. Douala is the head-quarter of the Littoral Region. The Akwa feasting hall, which served as the ancient customary court; the place where the first plane landed in 1927, coming from French Equatorial Africa. Indeed, 95% of the houses built on Manoka Island are made of temporary materials (wood). The effect of climate stressors was perceived by the population as affecting more the infrastructure (housing) and the health sector. 12, p. 1230, 2021. Manoka Island is one of 24 islands found in this council area. Furthermore, in these two regions, the implication of some customary leaders in national politics has likewise undermined their authority and acceptance by communities. The RSV burden is high among children less than 2 years with ARI in the Littoral region of Cameroon. The study is important as it will generate information that can be used locally (e.g., at the council level or at the subdivisional level) as well as nationally for better planning of a climate change response. It was the administrative capital of the country when it was a German colony until 1901, then took the name of Douala which is the main tribe of the region (the Duala). The mangrove landscapes along the coastlines. Carte de la rgion du Littoral, l'une des dix rgions du Cameroun, situe dans le sud-ouest du pays. R. D. Ward, D. A. Friess, R. H. Day, and R. A. MacKenzie, Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, vol. As is the case in most coastal areas of Cameroon, research conducted using a diachronic analysis of Landsat images and field surveys showed that the mangroves of Mabe in the Manoka district (Littoral Cameroon) have recorded a total degradation of 13% in 28years (103ha), representing an annual loss of 0.48% [13]. So it does not have to rain the whole day. The coastline was stable in the south toward the locality of Mbenadikoum. The capital city is Douala. Business Description. The vulnerability to climate risks investigated in this research conducted on Manoka Island focused on the three main components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. August, on the other hand, has the most rain. MINEPDED, Les mangroves du Cameroun: tat des lieux et gestion, MINEPDED, Yaound, Cameroon, 2nd edition, 2018. The effects of structural gender-based discrimination against women and girls are aggravated in some of the regions affected by crises. Regions of Cameroon - Wikipedia Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with The Douala Eda Wildlife Reserve is in the region. During the past decades, several extreme climate events have occurred in the area (Table 5). Compare climate with other regions or countries. These images were freely downloaded from the USGS website. S. Fahad, M. S. Hossain, N. T. L. Huong, A. R. J. T. Klein and R. J. Nicholls, Coastal zones, Handbook on Methods for Climate Change Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, Version 2.0. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. In most cases, these adaptation strategies are ineffective and inadequate to sustainably address the stressors faced (Table 6 and Figure 12).
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