CELEBRATES ITS SWEEP TO POWER; CLINTON VOWS TO FIND COMMON GROUND", "Thurmond's Robust Legend Shields Him at 93", "South Carolina's Thurmond Still Running At 93", "Senate Honors Thurmond, 95, for Casting His 15,000th Vote", "Statement on Signing the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999", "Bill Would Bar Health Referral On Wine Label", "Senate Clears 2 Pearl Harbor 'Scapegoats', "National News Briefs; Thurmond Recommends Son for U.S. Attorney", "Senate Extends Restrictions on Advertising", "Sen. Thurmond to Quit Armed Services Post", "Dianne Feinstein's Missteps Raise a Painful Age Question Among Senate Democrats", "National News Briefs; Thurmond Hospitalized For More Tests", "Strom Thurmond in Hospital After Collapse", "Ailing Strom Thurmond Faints in Senate Chamber", "Thurmond Taken to Hospital After Fainting", "Thurmond's Family 'Acknowledges' Black Woman's Claim as Daughter", "Daughter of late Sen. Strom Thurmond to join Confederacy group", "Thurmond Kin Acknowledge Black Daughter", "Thurmond's Biracial Daughter Seeks to Join Confederacy Group", "The Secret Fight to Save Confederate Monuments", "Strom Thurmond's Daughter, Essie Mae Washington Williams, Dies", "Drunk driver in Five Points killed Strom Thurmond's 'little girl' 25 years ago", "National Association of Former United States AttorneysNational Association of Former United States Attorneys", "Strom Thurmond Jr. begins new career as solicitor", "Strom Thurmond, Wife Announce Separation", "Sexual Harassment Spotlight Shines on Capitol Hill", "Book recounts sexual harassment allegation against Sen. Thurmond by Sen. Patty Murray", "What 74 former Biden staffers think about Tara Reade's allegations", "Cokie Roberts On Politicians And Sexual Harassment", "Joe Biden Once Spoke At Strom Thurmond's Memorial Service. Thurmond also predicted that Nixon would carry Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, Texas and Tennessee. Though both Byrd and Thurmond had long since moved on from the States Rights' Democratic Party, they were the decided protest ticket of several Southern delegates and unpledged electors, who refused to give their support to Kennedy. Senate. [313], Political reporter Cokie Roberts said in 2017 that Thurmond kissed her on the mouth, while she was live on the air at a political convention. [309] In 2001, they were still reported to be estranged when Nancy refused an offer to succeed Strom in the U.S. [72] Thurmond was the only senator to vote against Collins' nomination being sent to the Senate, and later one of eight senators to vote against his nomination in the chamber. In 1966, former governor Ernest "Fritz" Hollings won South Carolina's other Senate seat in a special election. He attended Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina (now Clemson University), where he was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. "[204] President Reagan pledged in a letter to Thurmond to help South Carolina textile mills against their foreign competitors. As of 2022, 1960 remains the last time a Democrat won South Carolina's Class 2 Senate seat. "[159][160] The treaty was ratified by the Senate on March 16, 1978. Civic Impulse, LLC. At the Democratic National Convention of 1948, however, Thurmond led the bolt of Southern delegates angry over the civil rights plank in the party platform. [74] During the campaign, Thurmond told reporters that he believed Barry Goldwater could carry South Carolina and other southern states. While the Wildcats may not be as explosive without Keshaun Sanders at quarterback, it's safe to say this Week 1 road match was a tough way to begin the season for Laney. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Case for the South, described in 2013 by Loyola history professor and author Elizabeth Shermer as "a compendium of segregationist arguments that hit all the high points of regional apologia", was sent by Thurmond to each of his Senate colleagues and then-vice president Richard Nixon. Thurmond organised a write-in campaign for the vacant Senate seat. [228][229] Cunningham charged Thurmond with being a follower who no one could validate the seriousness of as a candidate since he had not been challenged in eighteen years, furthering that the South Carolina Republican Party had been involved with the decline in his opposition. Updates? He and Thurmond served together for just over 36 years, making them the longest-serving Senate duo in American history. Thurmond received black support in his 1978 re-election and African-Americans were noted to "praise their onetime nemesis as a driving force behind the influx of more federal dollars to the state's minority neighborhoods. govtrack.us. Eulogy for James Strom Thurmond - American Rhetoric [168] In July, as the Senate weighed voting on the nomination of Assistant Attorney General Patricia M. Wald to the United States Court of Appeals in Washington, Thurmond joined Paul Laxalt and Alan Simpson in recording their opposition. [49][pageneeded] Despite his efforts, the Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 on August 29. [213] Also in 1981, Thurmond was one of the leaders in opposition to extending the Voting Rights Act,[214] and said parts of the law were discriminatory toward states' rights as well as too strict toward communities that had adhered to it in the past. A year earlier, President John F. Kennedy told a nationwide audience that the Act was a necessity. The Foundation was established in 1974 by Thurmond with honoraria received from speeches and donations from friends and family. Presidential politics have been changed by Strom Thurmond and what he did more than by anybody in this country in these recent years. Constitution. Thurmond was a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, a similar group for men. [70] Subsequently, Thurmond reminded Collins of his past support for segregation and implied that he was a traitor to the South, Thurmond having particular disdain for an address by Collins the previous winter in which he charged Southern leaders with being harsh and intemperate. Two years later, he hired her to work in his Senate office. Reelected as a Republican to seven consecutive terms, Thurmond continued to seek Southern conservative support for the GOP. The letter was to her, and contained his proposal of marriage. ", "Funeral of Senator James Strom Thurmond", "Hollings' comments draw fire AIDE: Junior senator intended no harm in saying Thurmond isn't 'mentally keen' GOP criticizes Hollings' remarks on Thurmond", "The Crist Switch: Top 10 Political Defections", "Southern racist who pragmatically embraced policy of inclusion", "From the Left: Trump brought back southern strategy for GOP", "Lawmaker was political paradox Strom Thurmond left behind a complex legacy after decades of service as a U.S. senator", "NAACP Extends a Brotherly Arm to Thurmond", "Blacks Recall Thurmond as Enemy and Friend", "Strom Thurmond: Relic of past overstayed his welcome", "Thurmond's Coattails Are Failing Connally", "At 93, He's Still Going Strom But Senator's Age Has Become An Issue As He Campaigns For Another Term This Year", "Thurmond, 93, Opens Bid for 8th Senate Term", "An eighth term for Sen. Chuck Grassley? [150] After President-elect Carter nominated Theodore C. Sorensen as his choice to become Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Thurmond expressed reservations[151] and fellow Senator Jake Garn said he believed Thurmond would not vote for the nomination. He was a farmer, teacher and athletic coach until 1929, when he . Thurmond's oldest child born when he was a 22-year-old man and her mother, Carrie Butler, a 16-year-old black maid in his father's house - had kept the senator's secret, an open one . [297], Washington-Williams died on February 4, 2013, in Columbia, South Carolina, at age 87.[298]. [85] Morrah avoided direct charges against Thurmond's record and generally spoke of his own ambitions in the event he was elected,[86] later referring to Thurmond's time in the Senate as being ineffective. The race would later be assessed as the last serious challenge to Thurmond during his career.[167]. Thurmond publicly stated his belief that any measures introduced would be defeated in his committee. Roberts stated that Thurmond "was in the category of his own" when it came to politicians and sexual harassment. The Southerners took this drastic. [258], Thurmond launched his campaign for a seventh term on February 12, 1990, citing that he had never before felt "a stronger obligation to continue my work for the future of our state and our nation. "[332] In 2003, political scientist Willie Leggett stated, "Thurmond is not going to be a hero for black people because he never became a proponent of black rights. This page was last edited on 20 August 2023, at 13:03. [76] Senate Republicans were lukewarm to Thurmond due to their "super minority" of only 32 seats in the Senate prior to Thurmond's switch,[77] and voted for committee assignments granting Thurmond the ability "to keep at least some of the seniority power he had gained as a Democrat. Toward the end of Thurmond's Senate career, critics suggested his mental abilities had declined. Thurmond and his wife continued attending events together. She was black and poor. "[254] Following the 1988 Presidential election, George H. W. Bush nominated John Tower for United States Secretary of Defense. Though the Thurmond family never publicly acknowledged Washington-Williams as his daughter while he was alive, he helped pay her way through a historically black college in South Carolina and continued to give her financial support well into her adult life. "[158] Speaking on the Panama Canal neutrality treaty, Thurmond said it was "the big giveaway of the century. Retrieved February 10, 2021. Thurmond stated that the rhetoric delivered by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger suggested that the "Canal Zone is already Panamanian territory and the only question involved is the transfer of jurisdiction. [181] After Connally lost the South Carolina primary to Reagan, he thanked Thurmond and his wife for doing more to support his campaign in the state than anyone else. [175] In October, President Carter signed the Federal Magistrate Act of 1979, an expansion of the jurisdiction of American magistrates in regards to civil and criminal cases. He won 39 electoral votes. "[241], In September 1985, Thurmond was one of eight members of a delegation that met with General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev. info), I wanna tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that there's not enough troops in the army to force the Southern people to break down segregation and admit the Nigra race into our theaters, into our swimming pools, into our homes, and into our churches.[a][6]. [269] In December, after President Clinton's announcement that he would seek a $25 billion increase in defense spending over the following six years, Thurmond called it a correct move but one which validated claims that the president had hastily cut the Pentagon budget. [b] In January 1955, Thurmond expressed his view that federal encroachment on states' rights was among the biggest threats to American life and violated the Constitution. [196] At the beginning of Reagan's term, Thurmond as the new chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and the new president were seen as obstacles to any gun laws passing in the Senate. Strom Thurmond's Mixed Record. Thurmond praised President Nixon and his "Southern Strategy" of delaying desegregation, saying Nixon "stood with the South in this case". [223] Thurmond attended President Reagan's October 15 re-election campaign speech in the Allied Health Building on the Greenville Technical College campus in Greenville, South Carolina. Senator (Class 2) from South Carolina, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strom_Thurmond&oldid=1171329237. How the 'Party of Lincoln' Won Over the Once Democratic South The nomination was one of the few votes in which Thurmond and Ted Kennedy joined forces in confirming. [169] Later that month, Thurmond asked Attorney General nominee Benjamin R. Civiletti if President Carter had made him give a pledge of loyalty or an assurance of complete independence. [145] Later that month, Thurmond and Jesse Helms wrote to President Ford requesting he meet with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ahead of a speech on June 30 during an AFLCIO dinner. [101] In September, Vice President Hubert Humphrey spoke of a deal made between Thurmond and Nixon over Thurmond's opposition to the Fortas nomination. Strom Thurmond, in full James Strom Thurmond, (born December 5, 1902, Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S.died June 26, 2003, Edgefield), American politician, a prominent states rights and segregation advocate who ran for the presidency in 1948 on the Dixiecrat ticket and was one of the longest-serving senators in U.S. history (19542003). She was born on October 12, 1925, to Carrie "Tunch" Butler (1909 or 1910 1948), who had worked for Thurmond's parents and was 15 or 16 years old when she gave birth. Senators Approve Assignments to Thurmond", "Former Sen. 'Fritz' Hollings, 97, Has Died", "Thurmond Replaces Javits On a Rights Subcommittee", "Senate Endorses Defenses, Then Argues About Locale", "Supreme Court nomination that changed the nation", "Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as Supreme Court Justice in 1967", "Marshall Is Questioned on Fine Points of the Law; Thurmond Presses Nominee to Court With More Than 60 Complicated Queries", "Senate Confirms Marshall As the First Negro Justice; 10 Southerners Oppose High Court Nominee in 69-to-11 Vote", "Thurmond Warns of Peril To Panama Canal in Pacts", "GOP Cynicism on the Supreme Court Reaches a New Low", "Humphrey Scores 'the Same Nixon'; Sees a Deal With Thurmond on Fortas -- Also Chides Opponent on Atom Pact Humphrey Criticizes 'The Same Nixon', "Thurmond Promotes Nixon's Cause Deep in Wallace Country", "1968 Presidential General Election Results Texas", "Thurmond Scores Times on Otepka; Charges Newspaper Has a Conflict of Interest", "Thurmond Urges Douglas to Quit; In Newsletter, He Denounces 'Political Activity', "Members of the Supreme Court of the United States", "Nixon Submits Nomination Of Haynsworth to Senate", "472 Remarks on the Decision of Judge Clement F. Haynsworth Jr., To Continue as Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit", "Thurmond Scores an Article in Life; Terms Contention on Land Deal a 'Liberal Smear', "Thurmond Rebuts the Life Article; Says Magazine Is Trying to 'Destroy' Him Politically", "Thurmond Says Fowler Aided Magazine Team; Latter Denies It", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Southern White Leaders Voice Anger and Dismay Over Integration Ruling", "Thurmond Urges Japan to Step Up Defense Effort", "Senate Republicans Give Thurmond Full Seniority", "U.S. Ends Ban on China Trade; Items Are Listed", "President Ends 21year Embargo on Peking Trade", "Deportation of Lennon Barred by Court of Appeals", "Senate Panel's Hearings on Dismissal of Cox Fall Into Partisan Bickering", "Leading Senators Refuse to Press Nixon on Quitting", "Senate Rejects $1.281 Won Cut in Arms Budget", "Kissinger Sees Perils in Solzhenitsyn's Views", "Richard S. Schweiker, Former Senator and Reagan Confidant, Dies at 89", "The Living Room Candidate Commercials 1976 Strom Thurmond", "Carter Stands Firm, Supports Sorensen As Director of C.I.A. [75] Though Goldwater lost in a landslide, he won South Carolina with 59% of the vote compared to President Johnson's 41%. After President Bush nominated Clarence Thomas for Associate Justice, Thomas visited Thurmond and stated that he had been fortunate as a result of the Civil Rights Movement assisting him in getting out of poverty, a departure from his previous position of African-Americans achieving success through hard work and individual initiative. [149] During the subsequent general election, Thurmond appeared in a campaign commercial for incumbent U.S. President Gerald Ford in his race against Thurmond's fellow Southerner, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. May, Gary (April 9, 2013). [291] She kept silent out of respect for her father[292] and denied the two had agreed she would not reveal her connection to him. [287] On the morning of October 2, 2001, Thurmond was admitted to Walter Reed after fainting at his Senate desk. [233], Thurmond's support of Reagan's judicial nominees continued into the president's second term. "[339], After his retirement, the Thurmond of his early career is cited with John C. Calhoun and Benjamin Tillman as symbols of South Carolina's conservative views on race. During the signing ceremony for the Civil Rights Act, President Johnson nominated LeRoy Collins as the first Director of the Community Relations Service. Failure to implement the Thurmond amendment was seen as "a preliminary test of Senate support for extending President Bush's ban on foreign-made assault weapons to domestic makes" and a loss for the National Rifle Association of America which had previously protested banning domestic assault weapons. Senator) Strom Thurmond, the Southerners broke away and established the States' Rights Party, also known as the "Dixiecrat" faction. Elected by write-in vote to the Senate in 1954, Thurmond quickly established himself in the Southern conservative mold as a vigorous champion of increased military power and spending and an archfoe of civil rights legislation. [174] In September, the Senate approved Bailey Brown as Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Strom Thurmond - New World Encyclopedia [164] The higher amount of African-Americans voting in elections was taken into account by the Ravenel campaign, which sought to gain this group of voters by reviving interest in older statements by Thurmond. [73], On September 16, 1964, Thurmond confirmed he was leaving the Democratic Party to work on the presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater, charging the Democrats with having "abandoned the people" and having repudiated the U.S. [144] In June 1975, as the Senate weighed a reduction in a $25 billion weapons procurement measure and to delete research funds to improve the accuracy and power of intercontinental ballistic missiles and warheads, Thurmond and Harry F. Byrd Jr. warned that the Soviet Union was attempting an increase on its missile accuracy and advocated for the United States to follow suit with its own missiles. Jesse Helms of North Carolina and Strom", "Reagan is the Real King Of Special Interest Groups", "Reagan Decides to Tighten Controls on Textile Imports", "Message to the House of Representatives Returning Without Approval the Textile and Apparel Industries Bill", "President Reagan, in a blow to the import-battered textile,", "News, Photos, Audio | Archives - UPI.com", "Congress Begins Fight Over Extension of Voting Rights Act", "Required Reading; Sampling of Opinions on Invasion of Grenada", "O'Neill Criticizes President; War Powers Act Is Invoked", "Reagan gives Congress war powers notice", "Congress gave cautious support to the invasion of Grenada", "Israel and U.S. It has been described as the first such appointment by a member of the South Carolina congressional delegation (it was incorrectly reported by many sources as the first senatorial appointment of an African American, but Mississippi Senator Pat Harrison had hired clerk-librarian Jesse Nichols in 1937). Fifteen days later, on December 20, Lott resigned as the Senate Republican leader effective on January 3, 2003, the beginning of the next congressional session. He was 100 years old. [56] This did not happen, and an aide for Senator Joseph S. Clark Jr. said there was never an intention to pursue recourse against Thurmond, though in his opinion Thurmond should no longer be a member of the party. Thurmond's 100th birthday was celebrated on December 5, 2002. She was 15. [203], Thurmond and Helms urged President Reagan to curb textile imports, with Thurmond saying later that year that the first four months of 1981 had seen a 16 percent increase in textile imports "over a similar period in 1980. [115][116] This came after the White House consulted with Thurmond throughout all of July, as Thurmond had become impressed with Haynsworth following their close collaboration. On September 13, 1947, Thurmond proposed marriage by calling Crouch to his office to take a dictated letter. [153][154], In 1974,[155] Thurmond and Democrat John L. McClellan wrote a resolution to continue American sovereignty by the Panama Canal and zone. [50] During his filibuster, Thurmond relied on the book The Case for the South, written by W. D. Workman Jr. Thurmond had known the author for fifteen years as Workman had covered both Thurmond's tenure as South Carolina governor and his presidential campaign, in addition to having served in the military unit Thurmond had organized in Columbia, and having turned down an offer by Thurmond to serve as his Washington office press secretary. He died in 2003; he was 100 years . Strom Thurmond, who served in the United States Senate for a record 48 years, dies on June 26, 2003. [191] Reagan later named Edwards Energy Secretary, and the latter served in that position for over a year. "[321] It has been argued that Thurmond's backing of Nixon in the 1968 election served as the basis for the Southern strategy, with former Thurmond aide Lee Atwater admitting that the race served as the "blueprint for everything" he did in subsequent elections. Strom Thurmond filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 On August 28, 1957, Strom Thurmond, then a Democratic United States senator from South Carolina, began a filibuster intended to prevent the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Former U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond dies - HISTORY Joe Biden once praised the segregationist Republican Sen. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina as "one of my closest friends" and championed him as someone who believed in America's diversity. At age 68 in 1971, Thurmond fathered the first of four children with Nancy, who was then 25. South Carolina Republican Strom Thurmond is the first sitting senator ever to become a centenarian; and he does so one month . Later, Thurmond would switch to the Republican Party. Was Strom a Rapist? | The Nation [231] Cunningham received less than 6% of the primary vote. Strom Thurmond (D-SC) and a faction of Southern Democrats, consequently, bolted from Democrats to create the "States Rights" (Dixiecrat) party. [267] Thurmond voted for Thomas's confirmation, and the latter was confirmed by the Senate in October 1991. Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine whether Thurmond violated that law without Butler's birth date, for which there are no records. Thurmond and Nancy's children are: Nancy Moore Thurmond (19711993), a beauty pageant contestant who was killed by a drunk driver;[303] James Strom Thurmond Jr. (born 1972), a former U.S. Attorney for the District of South Carolina and Solicitor for the 2nd Judicial District of South Carolina.
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