1050 Southern Dr Columbia, Sc, Loris High School Yearbook, Articles F

[198], In June 2019, DeSantis signed an anti-"sanctuary city" bill into law. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Copy. [284] She had been a television host for the Golf Channel, and then a television journalist and news anchor at WJXT. What does DeSantis mean by that? Florida governor race 2026: Who could replace Ron DeSantis? } .non_result_row div { What happens if Gov. Ron DeSantis leaves office to become president? Wiki User. Ron DeSantis to stay in office if he decides to run for president. [93] He voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017,[94] saying the bill would bring a "dramatically lower tax rate", "full expensing of capital investments", and more jobs to America. "[171][172][173][174] On August 18, 2022, federal judge Mark E. Walker blocked the act in businesses, saying that it violates the First Amendment and is too vague. .contact_entity {font-size: 1.0em ;margin-top: 0.6em; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-right: 0.5em;} His use of the word "monkey" received widespread media attention, and was interpreted by some, including Florida Democratic Party Chair Terrie Rizzo, as a racist dog whistle alluding to the Democratic gubernatorial nominee, Andrew Gillum, who is African-American. .widget-value { He completed Naval Justice School in 2005. background-color: #dac113; He voted for the American Health Care Act, a 2017 Republican replacement plan that passed the U.S. House 217-213 but did not pass the Senate. } [248][249] He also threatened during a press conference to build a new state prison near the Disney World complex. He said, "I think we need a change, I think we need to get some new blood in the RNC, I like what Harmeet Dhillon said about getting the RNC out of D.C. After that, they cannot run again for this position. letter-spacing: 0.03em; Ron DeSantis will cruise to reelection on Nov. 8, 2022. One big difference between the two states is how long a governor may serve. display: inline; --highlights-background: #d3d4d5; font-size: 1.2em; color: white; [255][256][bettersourceneeded] On October 5, after Ian deserted Florida, President Biden arrived in Florida and met with DeSantis and Senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott. Records provide a glimpse", "Did Ron DeSantis Observe Guantanamo Force-Feeding as Navy JAG? Governor term limits Florida: Qualifications, compare to other states Florida is where woke goes to die. Despite entering the race as Donald Trump's primary opponent, DeSantis has struggled with staffing and in polls. [250] On April 26, 2023, Disney filed suit against DeSantis and several others, accusing them of retaliating against protected speech. [52] DeSantis introduced a bill in 2014 that would have required the Justice Department to report to Congress whenever any federal agency refrained from enforcing laws. [140], DeSantis became governor on January 8, 2019. .votebox { [123][124] DeSantis was confirmed as the winner and Gillum conceded on November 17. The results have been certified. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis takes oath for second term [23], DeSantis defeated six candidates in the 2012 Republican primary for Florida's 6th congressional district,[44] and defeated Democratic nominee Heather Beaven in the general election. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Florida Legislature, [3] to convene the legislature [4] and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment. School districts | His current stance is that "we're not going to mess with Social Security as Republicans". [51] He voted in favor of H.R. In the audience was Jeb Bush, the former governor who came up short in his presidential bid in 2016. A Florida governor can serve two consecutive four-year terms before having to step down for the next election. .clearfix { FLORIDA PULSE: DeSantis' presidential bid. We got a copy", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Speaker of the US House of Representatives, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_DeSantis&oldid=1171570692, This page was last edited on 21 August 2023, at 23:23. I do think we need some fresh thinking. }) In a statement, DeSantis said, "It is critically important that Spanish-speaking Floridians are able to exercise their right to vote without any language barriers. Ballotpedia wasn't able to locate a 2020 presidential endorsement DeSantis issued. padding-left: 16px; overflow-y: auto; } [212], DeSantis opposes efforts to defund the police, and as governor has introduced initiatives to "fund the police". Ronald Dion DeSantis (/dsnts, di-/; born September 14, 1978) is an American politician serving since 2019 as the 46th governor of Florida. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. 's Combatant-in-Chief? Click here to contact our editorial staff or report an error. }) height: 100%; Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. [190][191], On February 2, 2021, DeSantis announced support for legislation to hold tech companies accountable to prevent alleged political censorship. font-weight: bold; $('.collapse').collapse('hide'); --progress-bar: #f0a236; width: 100%; color: #888; DeSantis whitewashes American history", "DeSantis calls for end to standardized testing in Florida", "DeSantis pushes bill targeting critical race theory in schools", "Florida's DeSantis pitches 'Stop WOKE Act' as in 'Wrongs to Our Kids and Employees' to banish perceived influence of critical race theory from schools and workplaces", "Florida's Governor Just Signed the 'Stop Woke Act.' $(".collapse-all").on('click', () => { The lieutenant governor is elected on a ticket with the governor for a four-year term.. Official duties dictated to the lieutenant governor under the present Florida Constitution are to serve as the . [36] Mansur Ahmad Saad al-Dayfi, who was held at Guantanamo, alleged in 2022 that DeSantis oversaw force-feeding detainees. font-size: 12px; font-weight: 200; } This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) The big name of the politics game in Florida is Gov. Florida Gov. "[59], DeSantis was a critic of Obama's immigration policies, including deferred action legislation (DACA and DAPA), accusing Obama of failing to enforce immigration laws. "Now its often said that our federalist constitutional system with 50 states able to pursue their own unique policies represents a laboratory of democracy," he said. The State Guard is designed for use in state emergencies and disaster recovery. DeSantis won re-election in November, defeating Democrat Charlie Crist by 19 percentage points, the widest margin in a Florida governor's race in 40 years. })(); Ron DeSantis did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey. And as you heard, he got another big response today.
   .contact_entity {font-size: 1.5em ;margin-top: 0.6em; margin-bottom: 0em;margin-right: 0.5em;} Ballotpedia features 412,587 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. For Florida, 2018, 2022, 2026, 2030, and 2034 are all gubernatorial election years. 			display: block; Other critics claimed the ban was an effort to "politicize classroom education and whitewash American history". 		color:white; CHAKRABARTI: Recall we're focusing right now on Ron DeSantis, his first term as Florida governor and like every other governor. [81], Conservative think tank Citizens Against Government Waste named DeSantis a "Taxpayer Superhero" in 2015. Hey, Greg. For an official copy of a legislator's vote on a bill, consult the Senate or House Journal. Ron DeSantis easily won reelection Tuesday, defeating former Republican governor turned Democrat Charlie Crist in a closely watched contest. Even before statehood, Andrew Jackson was appointed by then-President James Monroe as federal military commissioner of Florida March 10, 1821, serving until his resignation on Dec. 31 the same year. DeSantis cut state-government spending, which, combined with federal stimulus payments and high sales-tax revenue, led to the largest budget surplus in Florida history. [14] They met while attending Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio, during the 1970s and moved to Jacksonville, Florida, during that decade. [177] On April 14, 2022, he signed into law a bill that regulates elective abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy; under the previous law, the limit had been 24 weeks. Enact E-verify to ensure a legal workforce and higher wages for Floridians [16] His only sibling, younger sister Christina, died in 2015 at age 30 from a pulmonary embolism. 
float:right; [47], In May 2015, DeSantis announced his candidacy for the 2016 United States Senate election in Florida. [32][33][34], DeSantis returned to the U.S. in April 2008, reassigned to the Naval Region Southeast Legal Service. [206]  A few years later, he signed into law an expansion of E-Verify and other immigration laws. 	} 	background-color: #003388; "[185] Floridian physicians have expressed concern about the bill; most major medical societies such as AMA,[186] ACOG,[187] and AAP[188] consider abortion essential and life-saving health care, but SB300 will make providing abortion punishable by up to five years in prison. What other topics came up? .expand-all:hover, .collapse-all:hover {cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline;} Susan MacManus, a professor emeritus of political science at the University of South Florida, was in Tallahassee for DeSantis' inauguration. The event, held outside the Capitol building in Tallahassee, presented a contrast with the turmoil among Republicans in Washington as they struggled to elect a House speaker. [104] DeSantis opposed allowing able-bodied, childless adults to receive Medicaid. [91][92] He opposed legislation to require online retailers to collect and pay state sales tax. Jails must also comply with ICE hold requests for illegal immigrants that are subject to deportation. He graduated from Yale College and Harvard Law School. The 2022 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the governor of Florida, alongside other state and local elections.Incumbent Republican Party governor Ron DeSantis won re-election in a landslide and defeated the Democratic Party nominee, former U.S. representative Charlie Crist, who previously served as governor of Florida from 2007 to 2011 as a Republican. Ron DeSantis Signs Florida's 'Don't Say Gay' Bill Into Law", "Opponents Call It the 'Don't Say Gay' Bill. Here's a timeline of their relationship", "Florida Gov. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law. His current term ends on January 5, 2027. [69] He said that the May 17, 2017, order that initiated the probe "didn't identify a crime to be investigated" and was likely to start a fishing expedition. [120] On election night, initial results had DeSantis winning, and so Gillum conceded. 		overflow-x: auto; [287][288], The couple lived in Ponte Vedra Beach, near St. Augustine, until it was drawn into the neighboring 4th congressional district. [87][88] According to PolitiFact, it is "half true" that DeSantis voted to cut Social Security and Medicare and voted to increase the retirement age, because those votes were on non-binding resolutions that would not have become law even if passed, and because the objective was to stabilize those social programs to avoid steeper cuts later. [276][277][278] These ideas gained more traction after the 2022 midterm elections, when DeSantis was reelected governor by almost 20 percentage points, while Trump-endorsed candidates, such as Mehmet Oz in the Senate race in Pennsylvania, performed poorly. Gov. p.survey-response {margin-left:10px;} 				max-height: 580px; As governor, he can continue to raise money and visit all the primary states that he wants. font-size: .9em; 		background-color: #f9d334; Ron DeSantis of Florida, who is weighing a possible run for president, set his state up as a blueprint for conservative policy across the country. Florida Gov. .infobox p { "Well, these last few years have witnessed a great test of governing philosophies, as many jurisdictions pursued a much different path than we have pursued here in the state of Florida. [89][90], DeSantis sponsored the Transportation Empowerment Act, which would have transferred much of the responsibility for transportation projects to the states and sharply reduce the federal gas tax. If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you. How to vote | 			.results_table_container { 		font-weight: 300; In Florida, Governor Ron DeSantis was sworn in for a second term today. 		overflow-y: hidden; .widget-row.value-only.black { [30][31] At Harvard, DeSantis served as business manager for the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy.[23]. 		padding-left: 0; Florida Gov. DeSantis officially launches 2022 reelection bid [79], On June 5, 2020, DeSantis moved the state to Phase Two with the exception of Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties due to higher infection rates than the rest of the state. (HR 195), Voted Yea on:Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370), Voted Yea on:Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1), Voted Yea on:Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123), Voted Yea on:Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. [70][71], DeSantis supports a constitutional amendment to impose term limits on members of Congress, so that U.S. representatives would be limited to three terms and senators to two. $('.pastResponses').show(); 	} } Updated 0 seconds of 40 secondsVolume 0% 00:00 00:40 This video file cannot be played. The governor is elected by popular election every four years, according to the state constitution. Defend Floridas coastline through beach restoration and flood mitigation $('.showResponses').show(); As he ticked through a list of benchmarks during his first term, Mr. DeSantis repeated the same phrase  We delivered  seven times during the first five minutes of his speech. 		font-size: 12px; 			overflow-x: scroll; 

, See also:Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2022. [261][262][263] From March 2020 through March 22, 2023, Florida had the 12th-highest rate of cases and deaths per 100,000 people among the 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, without adjusting for the age of Florida's large and vulnerable elderly population. margin-top: 1em; Mr. DeSantis has not said whether he will run for president. DeSantis became a member of the U.S. Navy Reserves following his active duty service and continued to serve during his first term as governor. float: left; Will DeSantis serve full term if re-elected as Florida governor? } [4] [5] A member of the Republican Party, he was the 45th governor of Florida from 2011 to 2019. Are there term limits? Similarly, he assailed the federal government for pandemic restrictions and mandates that eroded freedom and stunted commerce. Many restrictions were put in place when Covid-19 first spread during Mr. Trumps time in office. During his tenure, he became a founding member of the Freedom Caucus and was an ally of President Donald Trump. border: 1px solid #a2a9b1 !important; DeSantis's family roots run deep in Valley", "Ron DeSantis admits GOP faithful are 'demoralized, depressed and dejected' at D.C. Republicans", Is DeSantis a hometown hero in this Florida city or just someone who lived there?, "Baseball's DeSantis shines on Yale Field of dreams", "Could Ron DeSantis Be Trump's G.O.P. PDF STATE OF FLORIDA - Florida Governor .widget-row.value-only { Nuez (Republican Party) ran for re-election for Lieutenant Governor of Florida.She won in the general election on November 8, 2022.. Nuez is a former Republican member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing District 119 . For purposes of this section, a statement of a students biological sex on the students official birth certificate is considered to have correctly stated the students biological sex at birth if the statement was filed at or near the time of the students birth. 45, which would have repealed the Affordable Care Act in 2013. .indicate_scroll { He said there would be three tests, in the fall, winter and spring, each smaller than the FSA. background-color: #f9d334; $('.showResponses').hide(); DeSantis says he'll reassert control over special Florida district", "Disney sues DeSantis and oversight board after vote to nullify agreement with special taxing district", "Biden praises DeSantis' response to Hurricane Ian", "Democrats were already struggling in Florida. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Florida experienced above-average economic growth. [158][159], Throughout most of 2019, Florida's unemployment rate hovered below 5 percent. width: 35px !important; Later that year, he reported to the JAG Trial Service Office Command South East at Naval Station Mayport, Florida, as a prosecutor. [284][286][287] DeSantis is Catholic, and the marriage was officiated by a Catholic priest. States that limit a governor to no more than two terms in a lifetime are: Vermont and New Hampshire do not impose term limits on their governor. [232] According to a Tampa Bay Times analysis, DeSantis's signature match proposal could have led to rejections of his own mail-in ballots due to changes in his signature history over time; voting rights experts argued that the signature matching proposal could be used to disenfranchise voters whose signatures varied over time. font-size: .9em; [20][21] DeSantis attended Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School and Dunedin High School, graduating in 1997. That's something you typically hear in these addresses. ", "UPDATE 1-Florida joins states to ban transgender girls from sports", "The Fairness in Women's Sports Act will empower Florida women & girls to be able to compete on a level playing field. font-weight: bold; Stop Common Core He declared candidacy for the 2024 election. When the guard was reinstated, the Florida National Guard had the lowest ratio of guard members to state citizens in the country. Florida Gov. ", "Ron DeSantis gets solid hits on national issues in Fox News debate", "Putnam, DeSantis Find Common Ground Opposing Recreational Pot", "Gillum responds to 'monkey this up' comment: DeSantis is joining Trump 'in the swamp', "Florida's Ron DeSantis Doubles Down on 'Monkey This Up' Comment", "DeSantis Warns Florida Not to 'Monkey This Up,' and Many Hear a Racist Dog Whistle", "Ron DeSantis tells Florida voters not to 'monkey this up' by choosing Gillum", "Can Ron DeSantis Displace Donald Trump as the G.O.P. Ron DeSantis a setback on E-Verify", Gov. } [74] He also served on the Foreign Affairs Committee, Judiciary Committee, and the Republican Study Committee, along with several subcommittees of those. } .widget-row.Democratic { The following issues were listed on DeSantis' 2016 campaign website. And he has battled with Florida school districts, including in Republican counties, that defied his executive order to ban mask mandates in classrooms. width: 57%; vertical-align: top; } [131] He also criticized Crist's role as U.S. representative, saying that during 2022, Crist showed up for work for only 14 days. Ron DeSantis opened his second four-year term on Tuesday with a speech that heralded Florida as a conservative blueprint for the rest of the country and subtly signaled his long-rumored ambitions for the White House. Ron DeSantis was inaugurated for a second term as Florida governor on Tuesday, amid his rise as the leading potential alternative to former President Donald Trump in the 2024 Republican presidential primary. .votebox-scroll-container { 2022 Florida governor race: Ron DeSantis wins in a landslide over Democrat Charlie Crist. And he's worked to get conservatives elected to local school boards, where they've scrutinized books, curricula and policies that involve transgender students. display: inline-block; The bill was challenged and temporarily stayed by Judge John Cooper, however, the law went into effect when the stay was challenged by the Florida Attorney General, Ashley B. Moody (R). DeSantis represented Florida's 6th Congressional District from 2012 to 2018. margin-right: 12px; The governor serves as a state's top executive official and is the only executive office that is elected in all 50 states. U.S. President | clear: both; The bill is designed to combat "woke indoctrination" in Florida businesses, schools, and public universities, by preventing instruction that could make some people feel they bear "personal responsibility" for historic wrongdoings because of their race, gender or national origin, preventing instruction that teaches that people are "inherently racist, sexist, or oppressive, whether consciously or unconsciously", and preventing instruction that teaches that groups of people are oppressed or privileged based on their race, gender or national origin. Even He Has Been Inconsistent", "Ron DeSantis, Rising Star Of The Republican Hard-right", "Obituary: Christina Marie DeSantis (May 05, 1985 - May 12, 2015), Palm Harbor, FL", "Ron DeSantis: 14 things to know about Florida's governor", "Ron DeSantis, governatore in Florida e possibile candidato alla presidenza, ha origini abruzzesi e molisane", "Origini comuni ma rivali verso la Casa Bianca: DeSantis e McCarthy, la sfida tra i Repubblicani molisana", "Immigration hardliner Ron DeSantis' great-great-grandmother was nearly barred from America", "Ron DeSantis, di Castelfranci il nuovo idolo dei repubblicani statunitensi", "Ron DeSantis stravince le Midterm: il "bigotto" peligno opziona la corsa alla Casa Bianca", "Cerabino: Florida Gov. On January 26, 2023, during an interview with Charlie Kirk of Turning Point USA, DeSantis endorsed Harmeet Dhillon for chairwoman of the Republican National Committee. } Ron DeSantis - Wikipedia [213] In September 2021, he introduced a $5,000 signing bonus for Florida police officers in a bid to attract out-of-state police recruits. DeSantis also worked as a litigator at Miami-based law firm Holland & Knight before running for Congress in 2012. It is part of a national movement led by U.S . However, this limit doesn't exist, meaning that this is a lifetime position. .hideResponses { display: none;} .results_row.winner { And he signed orders and laws banning vaccine and face mask mandates in Florida. Florida Governor Ron DeSantis suspends all local COVID emergency mandates color: black; Term limits on governors are a common and effective check and balance in statewide governance. width: 100%; If you ask his. [178] The law includes exceptions for abortions beyond 15 weeks if they are necessary to avert "serious risk" to the pregnant woman's physical health or if there is a "fatal fetal abnormality", but does not make exceptions for rape, human trafficking, incest, or mental health. [128] Crist heavily criticized DeSantis's decision to transport illegal immigrants to Democratic states, arguing that it was human rights abuse. Florida Commissioner of Education Richard Corcoran agreed with the decision, calling it a "huge victory for the school system". DeSantis Wants a Florida State Guard. .electionsectionheading { width: 350px; Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018, Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (August 28 Republican primary), Florida's 6th Congressional District elections, 2014, Florida's 6th Congressional District elections, 2012, Votes on domestic policy (click to expand), Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand), Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand), Democratic and Republican Party committee leadership elections, 2023, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, United States congressional delegations from Florida, District of Columbia (board of education), States with gubernatorial recall provisions, Comparison of lieutenant gubernatorial salaries, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Ron_DeSantis&oldid=9193616, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, contact our editorial staff or report an error, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) policy, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer, and campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. Eliminating the political elite and infusing Washington with new blood will restore the citizen legislature that our Founding Fathers envisioned. SUMMERS: NPR's Greg Allen has been covering DeSantis since he was first elected Florida governor and joins us now. margin-bottom: 4px; [119] The same month, he canceled a planned interview with the Tampa Bay Times to have additional time to put together a platform before an in-depth policy interview. In 2017, the state legislature passed SB 8-A, which prohibited smoking as a delivery mechanism for medical marijuana. DeSantis", "VICTORY: After FIRE lawsuit, court halts enforcement of key provisions of the Stop WOKE Act limiting how Florida professors can teach about race, sex", "Elections, lawsuits may shape how DeSantis 'will work to expand pro-life protections', "Florida's new abortion law halted as DeSantis vows to fight on", "Florida Gov. font-weight: bold; A term for a Florida Governor in office is 4 years, after which he or she MUST be re-elected in order to serve a second 4 year term. But what did he do there? display: inline-block; DeSantis spoke for roughly 15 minutes after being sworn in, making no mention of a potential presidential bid but positioning his administration as the bulwark against Democratic leadership at the state and federal level. Mr. DeSantis, 44, criticized a floundering federal establishment for a spending binge that left our nation weaker, without differentiating between increases under the Trump or Biden administrations. He was reelected in a landslide in the 2022 Florida gubernatorial election; his 19.4% margin of victory over Charlie Crist was the state's largest in 40 years. .results_table { } State and local courts | Term Limits on Governor - U.S. Term Limits } At one point, Crist asked DeSantis whether he would serve a full four-year term, in relation to talk about a potential DeSantis campaign for president in 2024. [129] During an interview with Bret Baier on Fox News, Crist called DeSantis "one of the biggest threats to democracy". A member of the Republican Party, he represented Florida's 6th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2013 to 2018. ALLEN: You know, that broad comment can mean different things to different people. Hector Roos advanced from the Libertarian primary for Governor of Florida. [101] On August 28, 2018, DeSantis won the Republican primary, defeating his main opponent, Adam Putnam. But against Biden, it's a different story", "Trump wins CPAC 2024 straw poll, DeSantis is second but more than 30 points behind", "GOP insiders think DeSantis could beat Trump in 2024. [192][193] In response to social media networks removing Trump from their platforms, DeSantis and other Florida Republicans pushed legislation in the Florida legislature to prohibit tech companies from de-platforming political candidates. display: block; [196][197] DeSantis supported Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter, believing "it illegal for tech platforms to block or demote content that might otherwise run afoul of their terms of service". div.oneoff-scrollbox.regular { height:400px; overflow:scroll; margin:20px; padding:10px; border:1px solid gray; } [4], DeSantis worked as a federal prosecutor before being elected in 2012 to the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Florida's 6th Congressional District, a position he held until running for governor in 2018. [136] Significantly, DeSantis won Miami-Dade County, which had been a Democratic stronghold since 2002, and Palm Beach County, which had not voted Republican since 1986. color: #fff; ALLEN: Well, under the current law, that does appear to be the case.