Victor Emmanuel, Garibaldi, Cavour, and Mazzini have been referred as Italy's Four Fathers of the Fatherland.[113]. The Italian state runs a universal public healthcare system since 1978. The Mediterranean diet forms the basis of Italian cuisine, rich in pasta, fish, fruits and vegetables and characterised by its extreme simplicity and variety, with many dishes having only four to eight ingredients. Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press, P. 355. [189], In February 2021, after a government crisis within his majority, Conte was forced to resign and Mario Draghi, former president of the European Central Bank, formed a national unity government supported by almost all the main parties,[190] pledging to oversee implementation of economic stimulus to face the crisis caused by the pandemic. [26] During the Early Middle Ages, the Western Roman Empire fell, Christian Church arose and Italy experienced inward migration from surrounding tribes. [123] Victor Emmanuel II then became the first king of a united Italy, and the capital was moved from Turin to Florence. [477] Major Italian philosophers of the Greek period include Xenophanes, Parmenides, Zeno, Empedocles and Gorgias. [457], During the Fascist period, the so-called "Novecento movement" flourished, based on the rediscovery of imperial Rome, with figures such as Gio Ponti and Giovanni Muzio. [302] The unemployment rate (11.1%) stands slightly above the Eurozone average,[303] but the disaggregated figure is 6.6% in the North and 19.2% in the South. In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.[312]. The country has been described as the "least of the great powers", and it has a significant role in regional[36][37] and global[38][39] economic, military, cultural, and diplomatic affairs. Altered Latinized form of the Greek-derived name. [308] The vast majority (99%) are family-operated and small, averaging only 8ha (20 acres) in size. Given the power vacuum caused by extreme territorial fragmentation and the struggle between the Empire and the Holy See, local communities sought autonomous ways to maintain law and order. Modern Italian composers such as Berio and Nono proved significant in the development of experimental and electronic music. In 1913, male universal suffrage was adopted. [511] Today, Italian pop music is represented annually with the Sanremo Music Festival, which served as inspiration for the Eurovision song contest, and the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto. Italy introduced the common European currency, the Euro in 2002. Origin of the Citys Name. General Motors Is The Only Group To Report Double-digit Losses", "Ferrari The World's Most Powerful Brand", "Italy's fourth-biggest bank returns to the stockmarket", "The Power of Cooperation Cooperatives Europe key statistics 2015", "Italy, the economy: Resources and power", "Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity", "The Quiet Collapse of the Italian Economy", "Debito pubblico oltre 2.300 miliardi e all'estero non lo comprano", "Government debt increased to 93.9% of GDP in euro area and to 88.0% in EU28", "Could Italy Be Better Off than its Peers? Like France, Italy has signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, but has not ratified it. Word of the day: caspita what a surprise! Lucrezia Di Siena, whose name is on a contract of actors from 10 October 1564, has been referred to as the first Italian actress known by name, with Vincenza Armani and Barbara Flaminia as the first primadonnas and the first well-documented actresses in Europe.[501]. The Greek colonization placed the Italic peoples in contact with democratic forms of government and with high artistic and cultural expressions.[74]. In this context, in 1847, the first public performance of the song Il Canto degli Italiani, the Italian national anthem since 1946, took place. Bottigheimer 2012a, 7; Waters 1894, xii; Zipes 2015, 599. Italy covers an area of 301,340km2 (116,350sqmi),[22] with a population of about 60 million;[23] it is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Now, in her heyday she was also known as La Dominante and La Regina dellAdriatico, likely to annoy a bit her fiercest rival, Genoa (more on her in a few words), but La Serenissima is really what we still like to call her today. The whole name of the city is Roma Capitale, which consists of seven components: Roma, The country is well known for its creative and innovative business,[272] a large and competitive agricultural sector[273] (with the world's largest wine production),[274] and for its influential and high-quality automobile, machinery, food, design and fashion industry. According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics, Romanian is the most common mother tongue among foreign residents in Italy: almost 800,000 people speak Romanian as their first language (21.9% of the foreign residents aged 6 and over). Italy is the twelfth-largest carbon dioxide producer. Over 35% of the Italian territory is mountainous. [429], Tertiary education in Italy is divided between public universities, private universities and the prestigious and selective superior graduate schools, such as the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. The country remained a battlefield for the rest of the war, with the Allies slowly moving up from the south. On the basis of the Plombires Agreement, the Kingdom of Sardinia ceded Savoy and Nice to France, an event that caused the Niard exodus, that was the emigration of a quarter of the Niard Italians to Italy,[121] and the Niard Vespers. Move not too far from Genoa, leaving sapphire blue seas behind your shoulders while welcoming with the eye the maternal embrace of the Alps, and youll meet my beloved Torino. [508] Italian opera was believed to have been founded in the early 17th century, in cities such as Mantua and Venice. Bicycle racing is a familiar sport in the country. Nicknames, who would have thought to learn more about Italy thanks to them? Byzantine architecture was also widely diffused in Italy. Linda Vierecke, Elisabetta Galla "Triest und die neue Seidenstrae" In: Deutsche Welle, 8 December 2020. [97][98] The Renaissance was therefore a result of the wealth accumulated by Italian merchant cities combined with the patronage of its dominant families. It was during this chaotic era that Italian towns saw the rise of a peculiar institution, the medieval commune. Cities in Italy with Lat Long The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (FSI), in 2008 totalled 16,529km (10,271mi) of which 11,727km (7,287mi) is electrified, and on which 4,802 locomotives and railcars run. Around the world there are an estimated 64 million native Italian speakers[399][400][401] and another 21 million who use it as a second language. Italian Renaissance authors produced works including Niccol Machiavelli's The Prince, an essay on political science and modern philosophy in which the "effectual truth" is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal; Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's unfinished romance Orlando Innamorato; and Baldassare Castiglione's dialogue The Book of the Courtier which describes the ideal of the perfect court gentleman and of spiritual beauty. Italy deployed over 2,000 troops in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from February 2003. The Eastern half of the Empire survived for another thousand years. ", Terence Ball, Richard Bellamy. Potere e identit: dalle origini alla nascita dell'impero cristiano, Bologna, Patron, 2012 p. 94. [292] Effectively, after a strong GDP growth of 56% per year from the 1950s to the early 1970s,[293] and a progressive slowdown in the 198090s, the country virtually stagnated in the 2000s. [352], Nowadays Italy is the fifth most visited country in international tourism, with a total of 52.3 million international arrivals in 2016. [332], Other astronomers such as Giovanni Domenico Cassini (16251712) and Giovanni Schiaparelli (18351910) made discoveries about the Solar System. 141145. Solar energy production alone accounted for almost 9% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world. [267] A founding member of the G7, the Eurozone and the OECD, it is regarded as one of the world's most industrialised nations and a leading country in world trade and exports. [461] Latin literature was, and still is, highly influential in the world, with numerous writers, poets, philosophers, and historians, such as Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Virgil, Horace, Propertius, Ovid and Livy. Secondary education lasts for five years and includes three traditional types of schools focused on different academic levels: the liceo prepares students for university studies with a classical or scientific curriculum, while the istituto tecnico and the Istituto professionale prepare pupils for vocational education. [485] Criticism of the Sensist movement came from other philosophers such as Pasquale Galluppi (17701846), who affirmed that a priori relationships were synthetic. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir Octavian as a ratification of Caesar's unpublished acts (Acta Caesaris). [353] The total contribution of travel & tourism to GDP (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced income impacts) was EUR162.7bn in 2014 (10.1% of GDP) and generated 1,082,000 jobs directly in 2014 (4.8% of total employment).[354]. Italy shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. [63] Roman Italy remained the metropole of the empire, and as the homeland of the Romans and the territory of the capital, maintained a special status which made it Domina Provinciarum ("ruler of the provinces", the latter being all the remaining territories outside Italy). [534] In recent years, the Italian scene has received only occasional international attention, with movies like Cinema Paradiso written and directed by Giuseppe Tornatore, Mediterraneo directed by Gabriele Salvatores, Life Is Beautiful directed by Roberto Benigni, Il Postino: The Postman with Massimo Troisi and The Great Beauty directed by Paolo Sorrentino. [582] However, much less emphasis is placed on breakfast, and breakfast itself is often skipped or involves lighter meal portions than are seen in non-Mediterranean Western countries. Its closest trade ties are with the other countries of the European Union. Naples, Campania. Soprannomi. Her Brothers of Italy party formed a right-wing government with the far-right League and Berlusconi's Forza Italia. In 1993, the former two of these were incorporated into the European Union. Another source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Lat vitulus "calf", Umb vitlo "calf"). Mafia receipts may reach 9%[245][246] of Italy's GDP.[247]. Another difference with similar offices is that the overall political responsibility for intelligence is vested in the President of the Council of Ministers. Youve read {{articles_read}} articles so far. Early sources for Roman names show numerous variants and spellings of the Latin names. Cross that pond and come to Italy, where youll find of course Rome, the Citt Eterna, and Venice La Serenissima. During the Renaissance Italian polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci (14521519), Michelangelo (14751564) and Leon Battista Alberti (14041472) made contributions in a variety of fields, including biology, architecture, and engineering. While this does not necessarily mean that people have no access to technology, it is made clear that this equates to differences in technology, such as the Internet and household electronics. The only city with more churches than Naples is, surprise surprise, Rome. In 1559, at the end of the French invasions of Italy and of the Italian wars, the many states of northern Italy remained part of the Holy Roman Empire, indirectly subject to the Austrian Habsburgs, while all of Southern Italy (Naples, Sicily, Sardinia) and Milan were under Spanish Habsburg rule. Alpine skiing is also a widespread sport in Italy, and the country is a popular international skiing destination, known for its ski resorts. While the different branches of the Carabinieri report to separate ministries for each of their individual functions, the corps reports to the Ministry of Internal Affairs when maintaining public order and security.[264]. The only surviving Roman paintings are wall paintings, many from villas in Campania, in Southern Italy. Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete With The Maritime Silk Road? The distribution of foreign population is geographically varied in Italy: in 2020, 61.2% of foreign citizens lived in Northern Italy (in particular 36.1% in the North West and 25.1% in the North East), 24.2% in the centre, 10.8% in the South and 3.9% in the Islands.[396]. Other successful Italian car manufacturers in motorsports are Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Maserati and Fiat.[557]. "This record was a collaboration between Philip Oakey, the big-voiced lead singer of the techno-pop band the Human League, and Giorgio Moroder, the Italian-born father of disco who spent the '80s writing synth-based pop and film music.". Notable Italian DJs and remixers include Gabry Ponte (member of the group Eiffel 65), Benny Benassi, Gigi D'Agostino, and the trio Tacabro. Italy became a republic after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum[158] held on 2 June 1946, a day celebrated since as Festa della Repubblica. Lo stemma della citt un giglio rosso su sfondo bianco un tempo, aveva i colori invertiti. The works by Alessandro Manzoni, the leading Italian Romantic, are a symbol of the Italian unification for their patriotic message and because of his efforts in the development of the modern, unified Italian language; his novel The Betrothed was the first Italian historical novel to glorify Christian values of justice and Providence, and it is generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature. The number of unregistered Romanians is difficult to estimate, but the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network suggested in 2007 that there might have been half a million or more. This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861. List of cities in Italy - Simple English Wikipedia, the free [226] However, as of 2005[update], 6,759 species are recorded in the Data bank of Italian vascular flora. Former Presidents of the Republic are ex officio life senators. After the Lombard invasions, "Italia" was retained as the name for their kingdom, and for its successor kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire, which nominally lasted until 1806, although it had de facto disintegrated due to factional politics pitting the empire against the ascendant city republics in the 13th century. In 1866, Victor Emmanuel II allied with Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War, waging the Third Italian War of Independence which allowed Italy to annexe Venetia. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia (the two biggest islands of the Mediterranean), in addition to many smaller islands. Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with its neighbouring countries. Popes such as Julius II (15031513) fought for the control of Italy against foreign monarchs, others such as Paul III (15341549) preferred to mediate between the European powers in order to secure peace in Italy. curioso pensare che, nonostante ununione cos duratura, nessuno sappia veramente perch il giglio diventato il simbolo di Firenze: alcuni credono che il giglio sia stato scelto perch legato allimmagine della Vergine Maria e alla sua purezza, altri legano linizio del rapporto in epoca romana, quando il giglio era il simbolo della primavera, altri dicono ancora che il giglio solo un modo per ricordare il fondatore della citt stessa, Fiorino (che significa piccolo fiore in italiano), un pretore romano. The 20 most populous cities of Italy. San Marino (39km (24mi)) and Vatican City (3.2km (2.0mi)), both enclaves, account for the remainder.[196]. To the East, we meet luscious Bologna: known for her university the oldest in the world and her food, shes called La Dotta, the erudite, thanks to the first, and La Grassa, the fat, thanks to the latter. [159][160] Victor Emmanuel III's son, Umberto II, was forced to abdicate and exiled. [335] Luca Pacioli established accounting to the world. [473] In 1883, Carlo Collodi also published the novel The Adventures of Pinocchio, the most celebrated children's classic by an Italian author and one of the most translated non-religious books in the world. In 2018, the Italian secondary education was evaluated as below the OECD average. List of Latin place names in Italy and Malta, List of Latin place names used as specific names, Orbis Latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, Sovereign states and dependent territories, Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Latin_place_names_in_Italy_and_Malta&oldid=1076744533, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Burgus Sancti Dalmatii, Sanctus Dalmatius de Pedona, Castrum Novum, Caferonianum, Castrum Novum Garfinianae, Monticulus ad Padum, Mons Acutus, Bodincomagus, Industria, Interamnia Praetutiana, Interamnia, Interamnium, Interamna, Scylacium, Scylletium, Scolatium, Scolacium, Scyllaceum, Scalacium, Minervium, Colonia Minervia. Moschovitis Group Inc, Christian D. Von Dehsen and Scott L. Harris. In 1453, Italian forces under Giovanni Giustiniani were sent by Pope Nicholas V to defend the Walls of Constantinople but the decisive battle was lost to the more advanced Turkish army equipped with cannons, and Byzantium fell to Sultan Mehmed II. Doric colonists founded Taras, Syrakousai, Megara Hyblaia, Leontinoi, Akragas, Ghelas; the Syracusans founded Ankn and Adria; the megarese founded Selinunte. Romanticism coincided with some ideas of the Risorgimento, the patriotic movement that brought Italy political unity and freedom from foreign domination. She was powerful, proud and rich: now, haughtiness is usually a pretty common trait of those with such a personality, isnt it? The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time, and it was one of the largest empires in world history. Today, the most notable centres of jazz music in Italy include Milan, Rome, and Sicily. [394][note 4], As of 2010, the foreign born population of Italy was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). [93], Venice and Genoa were Europe's main gateways to trade with the East, and producers of fine glass, while Florence was a capital of silk, wool, banking, and jewellery. More than 3,000 productions have been made on its lot, of which 90 received an Academy Award nomination and 47 of these won it, from some cinema classics to recent rewarded features (such as Roman Holiday, Ben-Hur, Cleopatra, Romeo and Juliet, The English Patient, The Passion of the Christ, and Gangs of New York). [556] Formula 1 was also held at Imola (19802006, 2020) and Mugello (2020). However, the distribution of the population is widely uneven. The Ballet dance genre also originated in Italy. Italy is one of the world's leading producers of pumice, pozzolana, and feldspar. [552] Italian professional tennis players won the Davis Cup in 1976 and the Fed Cup in 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2013. Feste religiose e feste civili in Italia", "Saint Lucy Sicily's Most Famous Woman Best of Sicily Magazine", "Venice: David Gordon Green's 'Manglehorn,' Abel Ferrara's 'Pasolini' in Competition Lineup", "Celebrations of big shoulder-borne processional structures", "Addio, Lido: Last Postcards from the Venice Film Festival", "FastiOnline: A database of archaeological excavations since the year 2000", Official site of the President of the Italian Republic, Italian Higher Education for International Students, Site of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italy&oldid=1171558465, Countries and territories where Italian is an official language, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, States and territories established in 1861, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with dead external links from May 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles that may be too long from June 2023, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Personal Representative of the Chairperson-in-Office on the Conflict Dealt with by the OSCE Minsk Conference, This page was last edited on 21 August 2023, at 21:26.
Pick Your Own Farm London, Maine Lobster Catch 2022 Schedule, Trumbull Regional Medical Center Warren, Oh, Biddeford Saco Country Club Restaurant, Articles N